Abdominal Wall

Question 1

4 quadrants of the abdomen

Answer 1

Question 2

9 regions of the abdomen

Answer 2

Right hypochondriac- liver, gallbladder, right kidney, small intestine
Epigastric- stomach, liver, pancreas, duodenum, spleen, adrenal glands
Left hypochondriac- spleen, colon, left kidney, pancreas
Right lumbar- gallbladder, liver, right colon
Umbilical- umbilicus parts of the small intestine, duodenum
Left lumbar- descending colon, left kidney
Right iliac- appendix, cecum
Hypogastric- urinary bladder, sigmoid colon, female reproductive organs
Left iliac- descending colon, sigmoid colon

Question 3

External oblique function, origin and innervation

Answer 3

Function- Contralateral rotation of torso
Origin- muscular slips from the outer surfaces to the lower 8 ribs (5-12)
Innervation- anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves, T7-12

Question 4

Internal oblique function, origin and innervation

Answer 4

Function- bilateral contraction compresses the abdomen while unilateral contraction ipsilaterally rotates the torso
Origin- thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 2/3 of inguinal ligament
Innervation- anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves T7-12 and L1

Question 5

Transversus abdominis function, origin and innervation

Answer 5

Function- compression of abdominal contents
Origin- thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament, costal cartilages lower 6 ribs
Innervation- anterior rami of lower 6 thoracic spinal nerves T7-12 and L1

Question 6

Recuts abdominis function, origin and innervation

Answer 6

Function- assists flat muscles in compressing the abdominal viscera and stabilises pelvis during walking and depresses the ribs
Origin- pubic crest, pubic tubercle and pubic symphysis
Innervation- anterior rami of lower 6 spinal nerves T7-12

Question 7

Pyramidalis function, origin and innervation

Answer 7

Function- tenses the linea alba
Origin- front of pubis and pubic symphysis
Innervation- anterior ramus of T12

Question 8

Vascular of anterior lateral muscles

Answer 8

Superior epigastric, Inferior epigastric, Superficial epigastric

Question 9

Lymphatics of anterior lateral muscles

Answer 9

Axillary lymph nodes above umbilicus, Superficial Inguinal nodes below umbilicus

Question 10

Layers from superficial to deep of the abdominal wall

Answer 10

Skin
Campers fascia
Scarpas fascia
External oblique muscle
Internal oblique muscle
Transversus abdominis muscle
Tranversalis fascia
Extraperitoneal fascia
Parietal peritoneum