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General Sonography > Abdominal Vessels > Flashcards

Abdominal Vessels Flashcards

1
Q

When does the thoracic aorta become the abdominal aorta?

A

As it passes posterior to the diaphragm and enters the abdominal cavity

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2
Q

What is the maximum normal diameter of the abdominal AO?

A

< 3 cm

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3
Q

What is the first branch of the abdominal AO?

A

The celiac axis

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4
Q

What are the three vessels that branch off the celiac axis?

A

The splenic, common hepatic, and left gastric veins

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5
Q

What is the second branch of the abdominal AO?

A

The superior mesenteric artery

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6
Q

Where are the renal arteries located in relation to the SMA?

A

Distal to SMA

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7
Q

Where are the renal arteries located in relation to the iliac arteries?

A

Proximal to iliacs

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8
Q

What actions can a patient take to increase IVC diameter?

A

Valsalva maneuver and holding their breath

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9
Q

What actions can a patient take to decrease IVC diameter?

A

Take in a sniff of air

Valsalva

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10
Q

What are the three layers of a vessel wall?

A

Tunica intima, media, and adventitia

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11
Q

How do the walls of the AO and IVC differ?

A

AO has thick tunica media w/ more muscle layers, IVC has thin tunica media and less elasticity

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12
Q

What is the purpose of the valves of the venous system?

A

They provide unidirectional flow to the vena cava

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13
Q

How do the walls of the AO appear on ultrasound?

A

Bright and echogenic

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14
Q

Is the AO pulsatile?

A

Yes, AO is pulsatile

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15
Q

Where is the AO in relation to the spine?

A

Anterior and to the anatomic left

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16
Q

What AO branches can be seen on ultrasound?

A

Celiac axis, SMA, renal arteries, and iliac arteries

17
Q

What landmarks divide the abdominal AO into proximal, mid, and distal segments?

A

Proximal: diaphragm to celiac
Mid: celiac to SMA
Distal: SMA to ILI BIF

18
Q

What transducer is most commonly used in abdominal AO scanning?

A

Low frequency (3-5 MHz) with a curvilinear probe

19
Q

What other transducer can be used for AO scanning?

A

Phased array (1-5 MHz)

20
Q

How is the patient usually positioned during an AO scan?

A

Supine position

21
Q

What are the 4 techniques to optimize AO images?

A
  1. Decrease depth caudally
  2. Decrease depth at iliacs
  3. Increase gain in larger patients
  4. Lower transducer frequency for better pen
22
Q

What is responsible for the image artifact delineated by the indicator on the anatomic left of the patient?

A

Stomach

23
Q

Is the diameter of the AO or IVC highly dynamic and variable with compression?

A

IVC

24
Q

What are tributaries of the IVC characteristically seen on ultrasound?

A

Hepatic veins

25
Q

What can be seen when scanning proximal IVC in transverse?

A

Liver and hepatic veins

26
Q

What do the walls of the IVC appear like on ultrasound?

A

Thin with highly echogenic walls surrounding anechoic lumen

27
Q

What vessel does the left renal artery come from?

A

AO

28
Q

What organ does the left renal artery drain into?

A

Left kidney

29
Q

How can you clear acoustic enhancement from bowel gas?

A

Drinking water or shifting positions

30
Q

What does the SMA supply with blood?

A

Intestines

31
Q

What are IVC tributaries typically seen with ultrasound?

A

Hepatic veins, common iliac veins, and renal veins

32
Q

What are indications for diagnostic evaluation of abdominal AO?

A

Palpable or pulsatile mass
Pain in lower back, flank, abdomen.
Follow up for AAA or ab AO or iliac stent graft

33
Q

What are indications a patient should undergo screening for AAA?

A

Male > 65
Female > 65 w/ cardiovascular risk
Pt > 50 w/ hx of peripheral vascular aneurysmal disease
HTN, smoking

34
Q

What measurements should be included when scanning AO?

A

Prox, mid and distal AO in long
Transverse for width
Dimension of aneurysm if any

35
Q

What are criteria for if a patient has AAA?

A

AO is > or = diameter of 3 cm

AO is 1.5x proximal infrerenal AO

36
Q

Where do you get a lot of pt information before exam?

A

Ultrasound request form and pt chart

37
Q

What information is in the assessment notes?

A

Physical exam, lab results

General Sonography (8 decks)

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