Abdominal Study Questions 2 Flashcards
What is the passage of food?
Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), large intestine, ( cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anal canal).
What does the abdominal aorta supply?
GI tract, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver
What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta?
Celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries
What is the esophagus and where does it extend?
It is a muscular tube and extends from pharynx to stomach
Where does the esophagus end?
Esophagogastric junction at the level of 7th costal cartilage and T11 vertebrae.
What is the arterial supply of the esophagus?
The esophageal branches of the left gastric artery, celiac trunk, and left inferior phrenic artery
What is the venous drainage of the esophagus?
Portal venous system thru the left gastric vein.
Thoracic part of esophagus: drains into systemic venous system through the esophageal veins and enters into the Azygos vein
What is the function of the stomach?
Acts as a food blender and reservoir, and chief function is mechanical and acidic digestion.
Parts of stomach
Cardia, fundus, cardinal notch, body, pyloric region, lesser and greater curvature.
What is the arterial supply of the stomach?
From celiac trunk, right and left gastric arteries (lesser curvature), and right and left gastro-omental artery (greater curvature)
What is venous drainage of stomach?
Gastric veins and drain into hepatic portal venous system
What does small intestine consist of?
Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.
Extends from pylorus of stomach to ileocecal junction(ileum joins cecum)
What does duodenum consist of?
It's the first and shortest part of small intestine and also the widest and most fixed part. Has 4 parts: -superior -descending -inferior -ascending
What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?
Proximally it is the celiac trunk, and the first and second parts are supplied by gastroduodenal artery and the superior pancreaticduodenal artery.
Distally it’s is supplied by the SMA, and third and fourth parts of duodenum are supplied by inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.
What is the venous drainage by the duodenum?
The hepatic portal vein
Describe the different regions of the abdomen using the quadrant method.
Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Identify the organs and glands found in the abdomen and their locations
relative to other structures. Be able to organize and locate them using the
quadrant method. Summarize their function
Next following cards
Liver
Location - RUQ
where it is hidden and protected by the thoracic cage and diaphragm (Fig. SA2.4). The normal liver lies deep to ribs 7–11 on the right side and crosses the midline toward the left nipple.
Function:
every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is received first by the liver. In addition to its many meta- bolic activities, the liver stores glycogen and secretes bile.
Gallbladder
Location: RUQ
Function:
In addition to storing bile, the gall- bladder concentrates it by absorbing water and salts. When fat enters the duodenum, the gallbladder sends concentrated bile through the cystic and bile ducts to the duodenum.
Head of Pancreas
Location: RUQ
Duodenum
Location: RUQ
Right Adrenal Gland
Location: RUQ
located between the superomedial aspects of the kidneys and the diaphragmatic crura (Fig. 2.46), where they are surrounded by connective tissue containing considerable perinephric fat
Function:
suprarenal cortex secretes corticosteroids and andro- gens, and the Suprarenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin).
Upper right lobe of pancreas
location: RUQ
Hepatic flexure of colon
Location: RUQ
Section of Ascending colon
location: RUQ
