Abdominal Study Questions 2

Question 1

What is the passage of food?

Answer 1

Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine (duodenum, jejunum, and ileum), large intestine, ( cecum, appendix, ascending colon, transverse colon, descending colon, rectum, and anal canal).

Question 2

What does the abdominal aorta supply?

Answer 2

GI tract, spleen, pancreas, gallbladder, and liver

Question 3

What are the 3 major branches of the abdominal aorta?

Answer 3

Celiac trunk, superior and inferior mesenteric arteries

Question 4

What is the esophagus and where does it extend?

Answer 4

It is a muscular tube and extends from pharynx to stomach

Question 5

Where does the esophagus end?

Answer 5

Esophagogastric junction at the level of 7th costal cartilage and T11 vertebrae.

Question 6

What is the arterial supply of the esophagus?

Answer 6

The esophageal branches of the left gastric artery, celiac trunk, and left inferior phrenic artery

Question 7

What is the venous drainage of the esophagus?

Answer 7

Portal venous system thru the left gastric vein.
Thoracic part of esophagus: drains into systemic venous system through the esophageal veins and enters into the Azygos vein

Question 8

What is the function of the stomach?

Answer 8

Acts as a food blender and reservoir, and chief function is mechanical and acidic digestion.

Question 9

Parts of stomach

Answer 9

Cardia, fundus, cardinal notch, body, pyloric region, lesser and greater curvature.

Question 10

What is the arterial supply of the stomach?

Answer 10

From celiac trunk, right and left gastric arteries (lesser curvature), and right and left gastro-omental artery (greater curvature)

Question 11

What is venous drainage of stomach?

Answer 11

Gastric veins and drain into hepatic portal venous system

Question 12

What does small intestine consist of?

Answer 12

Duodenum, jejunum, and ileum.

Extends from pylorus of stomach to ileocecal junction(ileum joins cecum)

Question 13

What does duodenum consist of?

Answer 13

It's the first and shortest part of small intestine and also the widest and most fixed part. 
Has 4 parts:
-superior 
-descending
-inferior 
-ascending

Question 14

What is the arterial supply of the duodenum?

Answer 14

Proximally it is the celiac trunk, and the first and second parts are supplied by gastroduodenal artery and the superior pancreaticduodenal artery.

Distally it’s is supplied by the SMA, and third and fourth parts of duodenum are supplied by inferior pancreaticoduodenal artery.

Question 15

What is the venous drainage by the duodenum?

Answer 15

The hepatic portal vein

Question 16

Describe the different regions of the abdomen using the quadrant method.

Answer 16

Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

Question 17

Identify the organs and glands found in the abdomen and their locations
relative to other structures. Be able to organize and locate them using the
quadrant method. Summarize their function

Answer 17

Next following cards

Question 18

Liver

Answer 18

Location - RUQ
where it is hidden and protected by the thoracic cage and diaphragm (Fig. SA2.4). The normal liver lies deep to ribs 7–11 on the right side and crosses the midline toward the left nipple.

Function:
every substance absorbed by the alimentary tract is received first by the liver. In addition to its many meta- bolic activities, the liver stores glycogen and secretes bile.

Question 19

Gallbladder

Answer 19

Location: RUQ

Function:
In addition to storing bile, the gall- bladder concentrates it by absorbing water and salts. When fat enters the duodenum, the gallbladder sends concentrated bile through the cystic and bile ducts to the duodenum.

Question 20

Head of Pancreas

Answer 20

Location: RUQ

Question 21

Duodenum

Answer 21

Location: RUQ

Question 22

Right Adrenal Gland

Answer 22

Location: RUQ
located between the superomedial aspects of the kidneys and the diaphragmatic crura (Fig. 2.46), where they are surrounded by connective tissue containing considerable perinephric fat

Function:
suprarenal cortex secretes corticosteroids and andro- gens, and the Suprarenal medulla secretes epinephrine (adrenalin) and norepinephrine (noradrenalin).

Question 23

Upper right lobe of pancreas

Answer 23

location: RUQ

Question 24

Hepatic flexure of colon

Answer 24

Location: RUQ

Question 25

Section of Ascending colon

Answer 25

location: RUQ