abdominal contents Flashcards
What are the factors which contribute to preventing reflux in the LES?
the sphincteric muscles of the lower esophageal sphincter
the fibres of the right crus
a mucosal flap produced by the muscularis mucosae
the differences between the intrathoracic and abdominal pressures.
what vertebral level is the trans pyloric plane?
L1
in a highly selective vagotomy which nerves are cut?
the branches to the fundus and the body leaving the antrum.
which direction are the innermost fibers of the stomach running?
oblique,
then curcular then longditudinal like the rest of the GIT
which artery of the bowel could be damaged during partial gastrectomy ?
the middle colic as can be damaged as you free the greater omentum from the transverse meso colon.
an accessory hepatic artery can arrise from which common atomach artery?
the left gastric , and can sometimes be the sole supply for the left hepatic.
what are the 4 segments of the duodenum called?
D1: superior
D2: descending
D3: horizontal
D4: ascending
how long is the duodenum?
25cm
what forms the lower most boundary to the lesser sac?
the D1
the second part of the duodenum passes which part of which kidney?
the hilum of the right kidney
how many cm from the pylorus is the duodenal papilla
10cm
which part of the duodenum is has its inferior border sitting on the IMA ?
D3
the SMA courses over it here too
what is directly posterior to the fourth part of the duodenum?
the sympathetic chain
how can you tell the difference between the dupdenum adn the jujunum?
the jujunum has a mesentry
which nervous pathway ususally transmits pain impulses from organs such as the stomach and other viscera?
the sympathetic pathways afferent
small intestinal pain is usually felt in which region of the abdomen and why?
the umbilical area
due to the sympathetic supply from the T9 and T10 lateral horn cells.
what is the location of the appendix in relation to the caecum?
on the posterior medial wall above its lower end. At te cinvergence of the three taeniae coli
the caecum lies upon which structures?
the iliacus, the psoas muscle and the femoral nerve , the lower end lies on the pelvic brim .
how big is the appendix usually?
6 - 9 cm
how far below the ileocaecal valve is the opening to the appendix
2cm
what is the surface marking of mcBurneys point? and what does it correspond with?
1/3 of the way between the ASIS and the umbilicus , the base of the appendix
what direction do the muscle fibres face in the appendix?
all longditudinal
the meso appendix is a continuation of what?
the prolongation of he left (inferior) layer of the mesentry of the terminal ileum.
is the appendicular artery an end artery?
yes
what is lining the posterior parts of the ascending and descending colons?
nothing they both have bare areas which are devoid of peritoneum.
where is the hepatic flexure in relation to the righ kidney?
lateral surface of the inferior pole of the right kindney
in what locations are the tinea coli found in the ascending and descending colon?
anteriorly , posterior laterally and posterior medially
in what location on the trasverse colon are the tineae coli found?
posterior, anterior superior and anterior inferior
what is the area of distinction when sigmoid colon becomes rectum?
when there is no mesentry that is rectum
where is hindgut pain felt?
in the hypogastric region. due to forming lower than T10
what are the anatomical and vacular borders of the right hemicolectomy?
the terminal ileum and the proximal transverse colon.
ligation of the right and ileocolic vessels
what are the anatomical borders and vascular ligation of a transverse colectomy?
the right and left colic flexures and the transverse mesocolon and greater omentum and
vessels: middle colic.
what are the anatomical border adn vessels ligated in a left hemicolectomy?
the left side fo the transverse colon to part of the sigmoid colon
ligation of the left colic and sigmoid vessels.
+/- IMA if needed.
in a posterior duedenal ulcer rupture, which artery is involved and causes haemorrhage?
the gastroduodenal artery
where is the gastroduodenal vein located?
THERE IS NO GASTRODUODENAL VEIN
what organs in the body are 25 cm long?
the duedenum the esophagus ureter descending colon Superficial Femoral Artery
what are the 4 narrowings of the esophagus and how many cm from the incisor are they?
crichopharyngeus: sphince=ter: 15cm
Aorta: 22cm
left main brinchus: 27 cm
diaphragm: 38cm
what is the lymphatic drainage of the esophagus
upper 1/3
middle 1/3
lower 1/3
the deep posterior cervical lymph nodes
posterior mediastinum nodes
left gastric nodes
what vertebral level does the throacic duct cross over to the left?
T5
the thoracic duct drains all of thebody except?
the right side of the face, right arm and right thorax.