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fluids and metabolism > abdominal cavity > Flashcards

abdominal cavity Flashcards

1
Q

what are the contents of the gi tract

A

oseophagus
stomach
small intestine
duodenum
jejunum
ileum
large intestine
ascending colon
transverse colon
descending colon
sigmoid colon
rectum

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2
Q

what is the function of the stomach

A

accumulates ingested food
enzymatic digestion
chemically breaking down ingested food using acidic gastric juice transforming it into chyme

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3
Q

lesser curvatre

A

inferior right side

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4
Q

greater curvatre

A

superior left side

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5
Q

what is the function of the small intestine

A

primary site of absorption of nutrients from food
consists of three parts
dudodenum ileum
jejunum
highly convoluted highly vascularised and increased SA

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6
Q

what is the jejunum

A

less complex arterial arcades
long vasa recta
more pilcae circulares thicker more highly folded
no fat in mesentery

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7
Q

what is ileum

A

more complex arterial arcades
shorter vasa recta
less pilcae circularis thinner less folded
fat present in mesentry

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8
Q

large intestine
large bowel

A

composed of cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
function- absorb water generating faeces
four parts of colon- ascending, transverse, descending, and sigmoid
cecum- recieves distal ileum

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9
Q

what are the external features of the large intestine

A

haustra- segmented pouches of colon
teniae coli- longitudinal bands of muscle

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10
Q

what is the ielocecal junction

A

ileum connects with cecum
ileum puts its contents into cecum that opening has a vlave orifice

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11
Q

what is vermiform appendix

A

blind ended tube
no longer thought to be vestigial
function-store gut bacteria T cells

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12
Q

what is the peritoneum

A

double layered sheet of serous tissue lining the abdominal cavity
just like the pleura, peritoneum has visceral and parietal layers

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13
Q

what are the special folds that allow peritoneum to attach some organs to the body

A

mesenteries

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14
Q

what does intraperitoneal mean

A

jejunum ileum and transverse sigmoid colon

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15
Q

what does secondary retroperitoneal mean

A

ascending descending colon dudodenum and pancreas

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16
Q

what does retroperitoneal mean

A

kidneys large vessels aorta and inferior vena cava

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17
Q

what is the transverse mesocolon the mesentery of

A

transverse colon

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18
Q

what is the ascending mesocolon the mesentery of

A

ascending colon

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19
Q

what is the sigmoid mesocolon the mesentery of

A

sigmoid colon

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20
Q

what is meso appendix the mesentery of

A

appendix

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21
Q

what is mesogastrium mesentery of

A

stomach

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22
Q

what is mesentery a mesentery of

A

jejunum and ileum

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23
Q

what are peritoneal ligaments

A

folds of peritoneum that are used to connect viscera to viscera or the abdominal wall

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24
Q

give example of two peritoneal ligaments

A

gastrosplenic ligament
splenorenal ligament
falciform ligament
ligamentum teres hepatis
coronary ligament
triangular ligaments
gastrohepatic ligament
hepatodudodenal ligament
gastrocolic ligament
mesentery
mesocolon- connects colon to posterior abdomen wall

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25
what is the greater omentum
double folded apron of peritoneum extending inferiorly from stomach an proximal dudodenum to the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
26
what is the root of the mesentery
the origin of jejunum and mesentery and ileum from posterior abdominal wall
27
what is the lesser omentum
also peritoneum made of hepatogastric ligament hepatodudodenal ligament
28
what is the epiploic foramen
entrance to the lesser sac
29
what are two other names of omental foramen
eploic foramen foramen of winslow
30
what is hepatorenal recess
potential space where fluid can enter between liver and kidney
31
what is pouch of douglas
lowest point in body while supine common site for collection of pathologies including ascites
32
what is ascites
fluid in peritoneal cavity cirrhosis of liver cancer within abdomen congestive heart failure starvation tuberculosis
33
what are other inraperitoneal organs: liver
detoxifies metabolites carbohydrate metabolism protein metabolism amino acid synthesis produces bile location- right side under diaphragm
34
other interperitoneal organs: gall bladder
concentrates and stores bile under liver in cystic fossa
35
other intraperitoneal organs: spleen
mechanical filtration of blood cells generate white blood cells generate red blood cells (prenatally only) location- left upper quadrant lateral to stomach
36
other retroperitoneal organs: pancreas
exocrine secretion alkaline pancreatic juice from acinar cells endocrine secretions-glucagon insulin from pancreatic islets behind stomach between dudodenum and spleen
37
what are the two pancreatic ducts
main and accessory
38
what are the contents of the abdomen
rib cage diaphragm liver gallbladder stomach large intestine small intestine pelvis rectum
39
what contents make up the gi tract
oseophagus stomach small intestine dudodenum jejnunum ileum large intestine acending colon descending colon transverse colon sigmoid colon rectum
40
list the five regions of the stomach
cardia fundus body antrum pylori
41
where is the lesser curvature of the stomach
inferior right
42
where is the greater curvature of the stomach
superior left
43
what is the function of stomahc
accumulates ingested food enxymatic digestion chemically breaking down ingested food using acidic gastric juice transforming it into chyme
44
where are parietal cells usually located
in the gastric glands of the mucosa in the fundus and body
45
what are the functions of gastrin
stimulates parietal cells- increase hcl and instrinsic factor secretion stimulates chief cells-enhances pepsinogen secretion (which is converted to pepsin in acidic conditions) promotes gastric motility- increases stomach contractions to aid digestion stimulates growth of gastric mucosa- helps maintain stomach lining
46
what is the mechanism of gastrin secretion
gastrin is secreted by g cells in the pyloric glands in the antrum in response to proteins acts on parietal cells directly stimulates ecl cells enterochromaffin cells to release histamine which further enhances acid secretion
47
what is the function of the small intestine
primary site of absorption of nutrients from food consists of three parts dudodenum, ileum, jejunum
48
list features of the jejunum
less complex arterial arcades longer vasa recta more pilcae circulares, thicker, more highly folded no fat in mesentery
49
list features of the ileum
more complex arterial arcades shorter vasa recta less pilcae circularers, thinner less folded fat present in mesentery
50
what is the large bowel composed of
cecum, colon, rectum, anal canal
51
what is the function of the large intestine
water and electrolyte absorption generates feaces four parts of the colon- ascending, transverse, descending, sigmoid cecum- recieves distal ileum
52
what are the external features of the large intestine
haustra- segmented pouches of the colon taenia coli- longitudinal bands of muscle
53
what is the veriform appendix
bind ended tube no longer thought to be vestigal
54
whta is the function of the veniform appendix
stores t cells and gut bacteria
55
what is the peritoneum
double layered sheet of serous tissue lining the abdominal cavity just like the pleura the peritoneum has visceral and parietal layers
56
what is the function of the peritoneum
attaches some organs to the body wall with special folds called mesenteries
57
what does the term intraperitoneal mean
contained with the peritoneum
58
what does the term retroperitoneal mean
between the peritoneum and the posterior body wall
59
what does the term secondary retroperitoneal mean
develop in peritoneum and become affixed to posterior body wall
60
what structures are intraperitoneal- so located within the peritoneum
jejunum ileum, transverse and sigmoid colon
61
what structures are secondary retroperitoneal- develop in peritoneum affixed to posterior body wall
ascending colon descending colon dudodenum pancreas
62
what structures are retroperitoneal- so located between peritoneum and the posterior body wall
kidneys and the large vessels, aorta and inferior vena cava
63
what do mesenteries do
connect body wall and organs to each other
64
what is the mesentery name that is the mesentery of the transverse colon
transverse mesocolon
65
what is the mesentery name of the ascending colon
ascending mesocolon
66
what is the mesentery name of the sigmoid mesocolon
sigmoid colon
67
what is the mesentery name of the meso appendix
appendix
68
what is the mesentery name of the stomach
mesogastrium
69
what is the mesentary name of the jejunum and ileum
mesentery
70
what are peritoneal ligaments
folds of peritoneum that are used to connect viscera to viscera or the abdominal wall
71
what is gastrosplenic ligament
between stomach and spleen
72
what is splenorenal ligament
between spleen and kidney
73
what is epiploic foramen
the same thing as the omental foramen natural opening between greater or lesser sacs.
74
what is the lesser sac
the omental bursa, located behind stomach and the lesser omentum, the omental foramen is the natural opening between the lesser and greater sacs
75
what is the greater sac
largest part of peritoneal cavity- general abdominal space
76
what does the gastrocolic ligament di
connect stomach to colon
77
what does the gastrosplenic ligament do
connects stomach to spleen
78
what does hepatogastric liagment do
connect liver to stomach
79
what does hepatodudodenal liagment do
connects liver to duodenum
80
what does splenorenal ligament do
connects spleen to kidneys
81
what does falciform ligament do
connect liver to abdominal wall
82
what does coronary ligament do
connect liver and the diaphragm
83
what is the greater omentum
double folded apron of peritoneum extending inferiorly from stomach and proximal duodenum to the transverse colon and transverse mesocolon
84
what is the hepatorenal recess or pouch
potential space where fluid can enter
85
what is the root of mesentery
the origin of the mesentery of the jejunum and ileum from the posterior abdominal wall
86
what are paracolic gutters
space between abdominal wall and colon pathway for travel fluids, for example, fluid, from a burst appendix cna tarvel up right parabolic gutter into lesser sac
87

fluids and metabolism (16 decks)

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