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G2 Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdomen - Lecture 3 > Flashcards

Abdomen - Lecture 3 Flashcards

1
Q

Accessory Organs to Digestion

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gall Bladder
  3. Pancreas
  4. Spleen
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2
Q

Where is the liver located?

A

Mostly in the right hypochondrium and a little in the epigastric region

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3
Q

What are the surfaces of the Liver?

A
  1. Diaphragmatic Surface

2. Visceral Surface

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4
Q

Diaphragmatic Surface of the Liver

A
  1. Part of Liver in contact with the Diaphragm
  2. Anterior, Posterior, & some Superior
  3. 3/4 of the liver
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5
Q

What are the Recesses (Potential Spaces) associated with the Liver?

A
  1. Subphrenic Recess
  2. Hepatorenal Recess
    THEY ARE CONTINUOUS WITH EACH OTHER
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6
Q

Subphrenic Recess

A
  1. Separates the Liver from the Diaphragm

2. Divided into Right and Left by the Falciform Ligament

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7
Q

Hepatorenal Recess

A

Potential space between the Liver and the Right Kidney/Right Adrenal Gland

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8
Q

Visceral Surface of the Liver

A
  1. Inferior Portion
  2. Covered in Visceral Peritoneum (aside from Fossa of Gall Bladder)
  3. Location of the Porta Hepatis
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9
Q

What is the Porta Hepatis of the Liver and where is it located?

A
  1. On the Visceral Surface of the Liver (inferior side)
  2. Point of ENTRY for the hepatic artery and portal vein
  3. EXIT for the Bile Duct
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10
Q

What is the Portal Triad of the Liver and where is it located?

A
  1. Hepatic Artery ENTERS
  2. Portal Vein ENTERS
  3. Bile Duct EXITS
    All of this happens at the PORTA HEPATIS
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11
Q

Lobes of the Liver

A
  1. Right Lobe
  2. Left Lobe
  3. Caudate Lobe
  4. Quadrate Lobe
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12
Q

Ligamentum Teres

A

Piece of the Falciform Ligament that just sort of hangs off

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13
Q

Falciform Ligament and Ligamentum Teres are remnants of…

A

Umbilical Vein

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14
Q

What lobes of the Liver CANNOT be seen anteriorly (Diaphragmatic Surface)?

A
  1. Caudate Lobe

2. Quadrate Lobe

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15
Q

Right Lobe of the Liver

A
  1. Largest Lobe
  2. Separated from Left Lobe by Falciform Ligament
  3. Gives rise to Caudate Lobe
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16
Q

Left Lobe of the Liver

A
  1. Separated from the Left Lobe via Falciform Ligament

2. Functionally related to/gives rise to Quadrate Lobe

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17
Q

Caudate Lobe

A
  1. Only visible on Posterior part of Visceral Surface
  2. Arises from the Right Lobe
  3. Left side bound to Ligamentum Venosum
  4. Right side bound to IVC
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18
Q

Quadrate Lobe

A
  1. Located on the Anterior portion of the Visceral Surface
  2. Left side bound to Ligamentum Teres
  3. Right side bound to Fossa of Gall Bladder
  4. Functionally related to/arises from Left Lobe
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19
Q

Ligamentum Venosum

A

Formerly the Ductus Venosum shunt that bypassed the Liver in fetal circulation

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20
Q

Where is the Gall Bladder Fossa (location in relation to the Liver)?

A
  1. On the Visceral Surface (Inferior portion) of the Liver

2. Between Right and Quadrate Lobes

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21
Q

Parts of the Gall Bladder

A
  1. Fundus (rounded top part)
  2. Body (middle, major part in the Gall Bladder Fossa)
  3. Neck (narrow bottom formed by mucosal folds)
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22
Q

Where is Bile made?

A

Liver

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23
Q

Where is Bile stored?

A

Gall Bladder

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24
Q

What does Bile do?

A

Emulsifies fat (breaks big fat globules into tiny droplets) which is important for digestion

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25
Q

How is Bile transported to the Duodenum?

A

Biliary Tree (Biliary Tract)

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26
Q

Pathway of Bile from the Liver to storage in the Gall Bladder

A
  1. Bile EXITS Liver via Right and Left Hepatic Duct
  2. Right and Left join to become the Common Hepatic Duct
  3. Bile travels down the Common Hepatic Duct and into the Cystic Duct
  4. Bile travels through Cystic Duct to be stored in the Gall Bladder
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27
Q

Pathway of Bile from the Gall Bladder to the Duodenum

A
  1. CCK released in the colon signifying to the Gall Bladder that fats are present
  2. Gallbladder contracts
  3. Bile is sent from the Gall Bladder through the Cystic Duct and into the Bile Duct
  4. Bile travels down the Bile Duct until it enters the Duodenum at the Hepatopancreatic Ampulla (Ampulla of Vater)
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28
Q

Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

A
  1. Opening where the Bile Duct and Pancreatic Duct empty into the Duodenum
  2. Other side of the Major Duodenal Papilla
  3. AKA Ampulla of Vater
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29
Q

Major Duodenal Papilla vs. Hepatopancreatic Ampulla

A

Two sides of the same opening:

  1. Major Duodenal Papilla is on the Duodenum side (splits the Foregut and Midgut)
  2. Hepatopancreatic Ampulla is on the Duct side
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30
Q

Where does the Liver receive blood from?

A

Right and Left Hepatic Arteries

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31
Q

Where do the Right and Left Hepatic Arteries come from?

A

Descending Aorta > Celiac Trunk > Common Hepatic Artery > Hepatic Artery Proper > Right and Left Hepatic Arteries

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32
Q

Where does the Gall Bladder receive blood from?

A

Cystic Artery

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33
Q

Where does the Cystic Artery come from?

A

Descending Aorta > Celiac Trunk > Common Hepatic Artery > Hepatic Artery Proper > Right Hepatic Artery > Cystic Artery

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34
Q

Where is the Pancreas located?

A
  1. Posterior to the Stomach between Spleen and Duodenum

2. Connected to the Spleen via Ligament

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35
Q

What are the Parts of the Pancreas (Superior to Inferior)

A
  1. Tail (passes between Splenoral Ligament)
  2. Body
  3. Neck (anterior to SMA)
  4. Head (in the C of the Duodenum)
  5. Uncinate Process (in C of Duodenum)
36
Q

The Pancreas is what kind of organ and what hormones does it secrete?

A
  1. Endocrine Organ

2. Secretes Insulin and Glucagon

37
Q

Name the Pancreatic Ducts

A
  1. Main (Major) Pancreatic Duct

2. Accessory Pancreatic Duct

38
Q

Main (Major) Pancreatic Duct

A
  1. Begins at the Tail of the Pancreas and joins with the Bile Duct in the Head of the Pancreas
  2. Forms Hepatopancreatic Ampulla
  3. Enters Duodenum at the Major Duodenal Papilla
39
Q

Sphincter of Ampulla (Sphincter of Oddi)

A

Surrounds the Major Duodenal Papilla regulating what gets into the Duodenum via the Bile and Pancreatic Ducts

40
Q

Accessory Pancreatic Duct

A

Empties into the Minor Duodenal Papilla which enters the Duodenum SUPERIOR to the Major Duodenal Papilla

41
Q

What Arteries supply the Pancreas with blood?

A
  1. Anterior Superior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
  2. Posterior Superior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
  3. Anterior Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
  4. Posterior Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
  5. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
  6. Greater Pancreatic Artery
42
Q

Where do the Anterior and Posterior Pancreaticuduodenal Arteries come from?

A

Aorta > Celiac Trunk > Common Hepatic Artery > Gastroduodenal Artery > (Possible Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery) > Anterior and Superior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery

43
Q

Where do the Anterior and Posterior Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Arteries come from?

A

Aorta > Superior Mesenteric Artery > Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery > Anterior and Posterior Pancreaticuduodenal Arteries

44
Q

The Splenic Artery branches and gives rise to what arteries?

A
  1. Greater Pancreatic Artery
  2. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
  3. Short Gastric Artery
45
Q

The Greater and Dorsal Pancreatic Arteries anastamose (join) and become the…

A

Inferior Pancreatic Artery

46
Q

Location of the Spleen

A

Left Hypochondrium against the diaphragm near ribs 9 and 10

47
Q

What are the Spleen’s connections?

A
  1. Gastrosplenic Ligament (Spleen to greater curvature of stomach)
  2. Splenorenal Ligament (Spleen to the Left Kidney)
    BOTH are part of Greater Omentum
48
Q

Blood Supply to the Spleen

A

Splenic Artery (straight from Celiac Trunk) enters and Splenic Vein exits at the Splenic Hilum

49
Q

Foregut consists of

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Duodenum up to the Major Duodenal Papilla
  4. Liver
  5. Pancreas
  6. Gallbladder
  7. Spleen
50
Q

Midgut consists of

A
  1. Duodenum after the Major Duodenal Papilla
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
  4. Cecum
  5. Ascending Colon
  6. First 2/3 of Transverse Colon
51
Q

Hindgut consists of

A
  1. Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon
  2. Descending Colon
  3. Sigmoid Colon
  4. Superior Portion of the Rectum
52
Q

Foregut gets blood from

A

Celiac Trunk

53
Q

Midgut gets blood from

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

54
Q

Hindgut gets blood from

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

55
Q

Where does the Pancreas receive blood from?

A
  1. Greater Pancreatic Artery (CT)
  2. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery (CT)
  3. Anterior Superior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery (CT)
  4. Anterior Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery (CT)
  5. Posterior Superior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
  6. Posterior Inferior Pancreaticuduodenal Artery
56
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery runs right over the…

A

3rd Part of the Duodenum

57
Q

Where does the Celiac Trunk start?

A

Superior to the body of L1 Vertebrate

58
Q

Where does the Superior Mesenteric Artery start?

A

Inferior to the body of L1 Vertebrate

59
Q

Where does the Inferior Mesenteric Artery Start?

A

Around the body of L3 Vertebrate

60
Q

What does the (Hepatic) Portal System do?

A

Takes blood from Digestive Tract (Abdominal Esophagus to Superior Rectum), Spleen, Pancreas, and Gall Bladder to be filtered in the Liver before putting it back into the IVC

61
Q

Hepatic Portal Vein

A

Drains blood from MOST of the organs into the liver

-Some of Esophagus and Inferior Rectum do NOT drain into Liver

62
Q

Hepatic Veins

A

Empties blood from the liver into the IVC

63
Q

Describe the Pathway of Hepatic Portal Circulation

A

Aorta > Digestive Organ > First Capillary Bed (in organ) > Hepatic Portal Vein > Liver > Second Capillary Bed (in the liver) > Hepatic Vein > Inferior Vena Cava

64
Q

In Hepatic Portal Circulation, where is blood detoxified?

A

Second Capillary Bed located in the Liver Sinusoids

65
Q

Where do Venous Vessels drain the blood of the organs supplied by CT, SMA, and IMA?

A

(Hepatic) Portal Vein

66
Q

Where do (Hepatic) Portal Veins go?

A

Divide into Sinusoids in the liver that drain into the Hepatic Veins and ultimately end up in the IVC

67
Q

What veins empty into the (Hepatic) Portal Vein?

A
  1. Left Gastric Vein
  2. Splenic Vein
  3. Superior Mesenteric Vein
68
Q

What veins empty into the Splenic Vein?

A
  1. Short Gastric Veins
  2. Left Gastro-Omental Veins
  3. Pancreatic Veins
  4. Inferior Mesenteric Veins
69
Q

What veins empty into the Inferior Mesenteric Veins?

A
  1. Left Colic Veins
  2. Sigmoid Veins
  3. Superior Rectal Veins
70
Q

What veins drain into the Superior Mesenteric Vein?

A
  1. Jejunal Veins
  2. Ileal Veins
  3. Iliocolic Veins
  4. Right Colic Veins
  5. Middle Colic Veins
  6. Right Gastro-omental Veins
  7. Anterior Pancreaticoduodenal Veins
  8. Posterior Pancreaticuduodenal Veins
71
Q

What is an Anastomosis?

A

Connection between structures where blood will directly enter the systemic circulation instead of passing through the hepatic portal system

72
Q

Portal-Systemic Anastomosis

A
  1. Places where the Portal Circulation forms an anastomoses (connection) with the systemic circulation
  2. Organ is partially drained by Portal System and partially by Systemic Circulation
73
Q

What are the major places where Portal-Systemic Anastomosis occurs?

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. Inferior Rectum/Anus
  3. Paraumbilical Area
74
Q

How is blood drained from the Esophagus?

A
  1. Azygos System (upper part)

2. (Hepatic) Portal Vein (abdominal part)

75
Q

How is blood drained from the Rectum/Anus?

A
  1. (Hepatic) Portal Vein (Superior Rectum)

2. Middle and Inferior Rectal Veins (Inferior Rectum)

76
Q

How is blood drained from the Paraumbilical Area?

A
  1. (Hepatic) Portal Vein

2. Veins on Anterior Abdominal Wall

77
Q

What is the Lymphatic Drainage system of the Abdomen?

A 
Pre-Aortic Lymph Nodes:
1. Celiac Nodes
2. Superior Mesenteric Nodes
3. Inferior Mesenteric Nodes
ALL drain via the Cisterna Chyli into the Thoracic Duct
78
Q

What is the Enteric Nervous System?

A

The intrinsic nervous system of our digestive tract located inside of its walls

79
Q

What does the Enteric Nervous System control?

A
  1. Peristalsis
  2. Gastric Fluid Secretion
  3. Gastric Blood Flow
80
Q

What can regulate the Enteric Nervous System?

A
  1. Self regulated

2. Autonomic Nervous System

81
Q

What nerve(s) provide(s) Sympathetic Innervation to the Foregut and Midgut?

A

3 Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves:

Greater, Lesser, and Least Splanchnic Nerves

82
Q

What nerve(s) provide(s) Parasympathetic Innervation to the Foregut and Midgut?

A

Vagus Nerve (Cranial Nerve 10)

83
Q

What nerve(s) provide(s) Sympathetic Innervation to the Hindgut?

A
  1. Lumbar Splanchnics

2. Sacral Splanchnics

84
Q

What nerve(s) provide(s) Parasympathetic Innervation to the Hindgut?

A

Pelvic Splanchnics

85
Q

What is the only Splanchnic Nerve that carries Parasympathetic fibers?

A

Pelvic Splanchnic Nerves

86
Q

Where do abdominal Prevertebral Plexuses and Ganglia wrap around the Aorta?

A

Near major branches to the digestive tract

87
Q

Abdominal Viscera is innervated by…

A

Splanchnic Nerves

G2 Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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