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G2 Anatomy Exam 2 > Abdomen - Lecture 2 > Flashcards

Abdomen - Lecture 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Other names for Digestive Tract

A
  1. Alimentary Canal

2. Gut Tube

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2
Q

What is the largest lumen (open space organ) of the Digestive Tract?

A

Stomach

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3
Q

What are the Digestive Tract Organs?

A
  1. Abdominal Esophagus
  2. Stomach
  3. Small Intestine
  4. Large Intestine
  5. Rectum
  6. Anal Canal
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4
Q

What are the sections of the Small Intestine?

A
  1. Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
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5
Q

What are the sections of the Large Intestine?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Colon
    A. Ascending
    B. Transverse
    C. Descending
    D. Sigmoid
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6
Q

What are the Accessory Digestive Organs? (Don’t aid in digestion)

A
  1. Liver
  2. Gall Bladder
  3. Pancreas
  4. Appendix
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7
Q

What are the organs inside of the Abdominal Cavity that have nothing to do with Digestion?

A
  1. Spleen
  2. Kidneys
  3. Aorta/IVC
  4. Thoracic Duct
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8
Q

What are the 3 Embryonic Divisions that the Gut develops from?

A
  1. Foregut
  2. Midgut
  3. Hindgut
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9
Q

What does the Foregut consist of?

A
  1. Esophagus
  2. First half of the Duodenum (until Major Duodenal Papilla)
  3. Liver
  4. Pancreas
  5. Gallbladder
  6. Spleen
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10
Q

What does the Midgut consist of?

A
  1. Second half of Duodenum
  2. Jejunum
  3. Ileum
  4. Large Intestine (up until 2/3 of the transverse line)
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11
Q

What does the Hindgut consist of?

A
  1. Large Intestine (starting with distal 1/3 of Transverse colon)
  2. Superior Portion of Rectum
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12
Q

What are the 3 main UNPAIRED Branches that come off of the Abdominal Aorta to supply the digestive tract?

A
  1. Celiac Trunk
  2. Superior Mesenteric Artery
  3. Inferior Mesenteric Artery
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13
Q

Celiac Trunk

A

Artery that branches off of the Abdominal Aorta to supply the Foregut (Esophagus-1/2 Duodenum, Liver, Pancreas, Gallbladder, Spleen)

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14
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery

A

Travels in the Mesentery to supply Midgut (1/2 Duodenum, Jejunum, Ileum, up to 2/3 Transverse Colon, Pancreas)

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15
Q

Inferior Mesentery Artery

A

“Smallest”; Travels in Mesentery to supply Hindgut (Distal 1/3 of Transverse Colon to Superior portion of Rectum)

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16
Q

What is the only organ that receives blood from both the Celiac Trunk and the Superior Mesenteric Artery?

A

Pancreas

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17
Q

Where is the Esophagus Located?

A
  1. Mostly in the Thorax

2. Small portion in the Abdomen

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18
Q

Where is the Esophageal Hiatus of the Diaphragm?

A

T10 - think “EVN 10” because it crosses the diaphragm with the Vagus Nerve

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19
Q

Innervation of the Esophagus

A

Branches of the Vagus Nerve

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20
Q

Left and Right Vagus Nerves change course and become…

A

Left > Anterior Vagal Trunk
Right > Posterior Vagal Trunk
(think L.A.R.P)

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21
Q

Arterial Supply of the Esophagus

A

Esophageal Branches from the:

  1. Celiac Trunk
  2. Left Inferior Phrenic Artery (supplies tiny part)
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22
Q

Regions of the Stomach

A
  1. Cardia
  2. Fundus
  3. Body
  4. Pyloric
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23
Q

Fundus

A

Most superior region of the stomach; “Closet Space”

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24
Q

Body

A

Middle part of the stomach; The majority

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25
Q

Pyloric

A
  1. Pyloric Antrum
  2. Pyloric Canal (slows down chyme)
  3. Pylorus (Constriction, Sphincter, and Orifice)
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26
Q

Rugae

A

Ridges of the stomach that allow it to stretch and help the churning of the stomach

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27
Q

Pyloric Constriction

A

Size of the Pyloric Orifice (opening in the center) is regulated by the Pyloric Sphincter

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28
Q

Angular Incisure

A

Angle created at the beginning of the Pyloric Canal

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29
Q

Arteries that Blood Supply to the Stomach

A
  1. Left Gastric Artery
  2. Right Gastric Artery
  3. Right Gastro-omental
  4. Left Gastro-omental
  5. Short Gastric Arteries
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30
Q

Which Arteries Supply the Lesser Curvature of the Stomach?

A

Left and Right Gastric Arteries (Meet and merge with no clear designation)

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31
Q

3 MAJOR sources of Blood Supply to the Stomach

A
  1. Celiac Trunk
  2. Splenic Artery
  3. Common Hepatic Artery
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32
Q

Which Arteries Supply the Greater Curvature of the Stomach?

A

Left and Right Gastro-Omental Arteries (meet and merge with no clear designation)

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33
Q

What are the 3 Major Branches that come off of the Celiac Trunk?

A
  1. Left Gastric Artery
  2. Splenic Artery
  3. Common Hepatic Artery
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34
Q

What branches come off of the Splenic Artery?

A
  1. Short Gastric Arteries
  2. Left Gastro-Omental Artery
  3. Greater Pancreatic Artery
  4. Dorsal Pancreatic Artery
    (GPA and DPA anastomose to create the Inferior Pancreatic Artery)
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35
Q

What branches come off of the Common Hepatic Artery?

A
  1. Right Gastric Artery
  2. Gastroduodenal Artery
  3. Proper Hepatic Artery (??)
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36
Q

What branches come off of the Gastroduodenal Artery?

A
  1. Right Gastro-Omental Artery
  2. **Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery (sometimes)
    OR
    Posterior and Anterior Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
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37
Q

1st Part of the Small Intestine

A

Duodenum

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38
Q

Duodenum

A

G-shaped with 4 parts:

  1. Superior (Pyloric Orifice to Neck of Gallbladder)
  2. Descending (Neck of Gallbladder to L3)
  3. Inferior (transversally crosses Aorta, IVC, and Vertebral Column)
  4. Ascending (L2 to Duodenojejunal Flexure
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39
Q

Major Duodenal Papilla

A
  1. Separation between Foregut and Midgut located between
  2. Entrance for Bile and Pancreatic Ducts
  3. Located in Descending Duodenum
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40
Q

Ligament of Treitz

A

Holds up the Ascending Duodenum

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41
Q

Superior Mesenteric Vein and Artery sit on top of what part of the Duodenum?

A

Third Part AKA Inferior Duodenum

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42
Q

Blood Supply to the Duodenum branches off of these major Arteries:

A
  1. Gastroduodenal Artery or Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery**
  2. Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal
  3. SMA (First Jejunal Branch)
43
Q

Where do the Anterior and Posterior SUPERIOR Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries branch off of?

A

Gastroduodenal Artery
OR
Superior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery** (if it even exists)

44
Q

Where do the Anterior and Posterior INFERIOR Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries branch off of?

A

Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery

45
Q

What branches off of the Superior Mesenteric Artery

A
  1. Inferior Pancreaticoduodenal Artery
  2. Ileocolic Artery
  3. Jejunal Arteries
  4. Ileal Arteries
46
Q

What organs do the Pancreaticoduodenal Arteries supply with blood?

A

Pancreas and the Duodenum in the “C-shape” created by the Duodenum

47
Q

Jejunum

A

Proximal 2/5 of the Small Intestine located in the Left Upper Quadrant

48
Q

Ileum

A
  1. Distal 3/5 of Small Intestine (largest)
  2. Right Lower Quadrant
  3. Ends at the Ileocecal Valve where it joins with the Cecum (Large Intestine)
49
Q

Ileocecal Valve

A

A sphincter that regulates chyme flow between Ileum and the Cecum

50
Q

Blood Supply to the Jejunum and Ileum is supplied by what Unpaired Branch of the Abdominal Aorta?

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

51
Q

Name the arteries that provide the Jejunum and Ileum with blood

A
  1. Jejunal Arteries
  2. Ileal Branches
  3. Ileocolic Branch (provides Ileum and part of the Colon)
52
Q

Mesentery anchors Small Intestine to…

A

Itself and to the posterior body wall

53
Q

Arterial Arcades

A

Rounded bits of the Jejunal and Ileal arteries that allow you to differentiate Jejunum from the Ileum

54
Q

Jejunal Arterial Arcades

A
  1. Small and not very extensive in the Mesentery

2. Give off Long Vasa Recta

55
Q

Ileal Arterial Arcades

A
  1. Large and wide, take up a majority of the Mesentery

2. Give off very Short Vasa Recta

56
Q

Vasa Recta

A

Straight, finger-like arteries that branch off of Arcades

57
Q

Large Intestine consists of

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Appendix
  3. Colon
  4. Rectum
  5. Anal Canal
58
Q

Cecum

A
  1. First part of the Large Intestine
  2. Largest segment of the Large Intestine
  3. Appendix comes off of the Cecum
59
Q

Appendix branches off of the

A

Cecum segment of the Large Intestine

60
Q

Parts of the Colon

A
  1. Ascending Colon
  2. Transverse Colon
  3. Descending Colon
  4. Sigmoid Colon (squiggle)
61
Q

Water and Nutrients are absorbed in…

A

Small and Large Intestines

62
Q

General Characteristics of the Large Intestine

A
  1. Large Diameter
  2. Omental Appendices (fat accumulations)
  3. Taniea Coli (longitudinal muscle)
  4. Haustra (pockets formed by Taniea Coli)
63
Q

Taniea Coli

A

Longitudinal muscle that runs down the center for the entire length of the large intestine to squish it like an accordion

64
Q

Haustra

A

Pockets formed by the Taniea Coli squishing the large intestine where nutrients and water can be absorbed from fecal matter

65
Q

Omental Appendices

A

Pockets of peritoneum that contain adipose tissue in the large intestine

66
Q

Hepatic Flexure/Right Colic Flexure

A

Right side where Large Intestine “turns the corner” right below the Liver; lower than left

67
Q

Splenic Flexure/Left Colic Flexure

A

Left side where Large Intestine “turns the corner” right below the Spleen; higher than right

68
Q

Cecum

A
  1. First part of Large Intestine
  2. Sits in Right Iliac Fossa (hip)
  3. Supplied by Anterior and Posterior Cecal Arteries (from Ileocolic Artery branched from SMA)
69
Q

Appendix

A
  1. Narrow, hollow tube that originates on the Cecum near the start of the Taniea Coli
  2. Contains aggregations of lymphoid tissue
  3. Supplied by Appendicular Artery (from Iliocolic Artery branched from the SMA)
70
Q

3 Main branches that go from Superior Mesenteric Artery to the Large Intestine

A
  1. Ileocolic Artery
  2. Right Colic Artery
  3. Middle Colic Artery
71
Q

2 Main Branches that go from Inferior Mesenteric Artery to the Large Intestine

A
  1. Left Colic Artery
  2. Sigmoidal Arteries
  3. Superior Rectal Artery
72
Q

What does the Ileocolic Artery branch into?

A
  1. Middle Colic Artery
  2. Right Colic Artery
  3. Anterior Cecal Artery
  4. Posterior Cecal Artery
  5. Appendicular Artery
73
Q

Blood Supply for the Cecum and the Ascending Colon

A
  1. Colic Branch (from Ileocolic Artery)
  2. Anterior and Posterior Cecal Arteries (from Ileocolic Artery)
  3. Right Colic Artery (from SMA)
74
Q

Blood Supply for the Transverse Colon

A
  1. Right Colic (from SMA)
  2. Middle Colic (from SMA)
  3. Left Colic (from IMA)
75
Q

Blood Supply to the Descending Colon

A

Left Colic Artery (from IMA)

76
Q

Blood Supply to the Sigmoid Colon

A

Sigmoidal Arteries (from IMA)

77
Q

Superior Mesenteric Artery provides blood to what parts of the Large Intestine?

A
  1. Cecum
  2. Ascending Colon
  3. Proximal 2/3 of Transverse Colon
78
Q

What parts of the Large Intestine are NOT suspended by Mesentery?

A
  1. Ascending Colon

2. Descending Colon

79
Q

Right and Left Paracolic Gutters

A
  1. Immediately Lateral to Ascending (Right) and Descending (Left) Colon
  2. Depression that provide a passageway for materials to pass behind the Peritoneum and go from one region to another within the abdomen
  3. Can provide a relatively blood-free mobilization of the
    Ascending and Descending Colon by cutting the Peritoneum along these lateral Paracolic gutters since vessels and lymphatics are medial and posteromedial
80
Q

Rectosigmoidal Junction

A
  1. Located around S3 Vertebrate

2. Where the Sigmoid Colon becomes the Rectum

81
Q

Rectum and the Anal Canal

A
  1. Retroperitoneal (both)

2. Not suspended by Mesentery

82
Q

Blood Supply to the Rectum and Anal Canal

A
  1. Superior Rectal Artery (from IMA)
  2. Middle Rectal Artery (from Internal Iliac)
  3. Inferior Rectal Artery (from Internal Iliac)
83
Q

Pre-Aortic Nodes

A

Drain the Abdominal GI tract and sit on the anterior aspect of the Aorta

84
Q

Celiac Pre-Aortic Nodes

A

Provide Lymphatic Drainage of the Foregut Structures

85
Q

Superior Mesenteric Pre-Aortic Nodes

A

Provide Lymphatic Drainage of the Midgut Structures

86
Q

Inferior Mesenteric Pre-Aortic Nodes

A

Provide Lymphatic Drainage of the Hindgut Structures

87
Q

Enteric Nervous System

A

The Intrinsic Nervous System of the digestive tract located inside its walls that regulates digestion

88
Q

What are the 2 Major Plexuses that run the Enteric Nervous System

A
  1. Myenteric Plexus

2. Submucosal Plexus

89
Q

Myenteric Plexus

A
  1. Plexus of nerves found in the muscular layer of the entire Gut Tube
  2. Regulates contraction of muscle and movement of things through digestive tract
90
Q

Submucosal Plexus

A
  1. Controls glandular secretion
91
Q

What is the main branch of the Autonomic Nervous System that encourages digestion?

A

Parasympathetic Nervous System (Rest and Digest)

92
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Foregut and Midgut

A

Thoracic Splanchnic Nerves (Greater, Lesser, and Least)

93
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Foregut and Midgut

A

Vagus Nerve (AKA Cranial Nerve 10)

94
Q

Sympathetic Innervation of the Hindgut

A
  1. Lumbar Splanchnics

2. Sacral Splanchnics

95
Q

Parasympathetic Innervation of the Hindgut

A

Pelvic Splanchnics

96
Q

Greater Thoracic Splanchnic travels to

A

Celiac Ganglian (near Celiac Trunk)

97
Q

Lesser Thoracic Splanchnic travels to

A

Aorticorenal Ganglion (near Celiac Trunk)

98
Q

Least Thoracic Splanchnic travels to

A

Renal Plexus (near Celiac Trunk)

99
Q

Lumbar Splanchnic travels to

A

Prevertebral Plexus (near IMA)

100
Q

Sacral Splanchnic travels to

A

Inferior Hyopgastric Plexus (extension of the Prevertebral Plexus in the pelvis also near the IMA)

101
Q

Anterior and Posterior Vagal Trunks

A
  1. Provide parasympathetic Innervation to Foregut and Midgut
  2. Enters Abdomen with Esophagus at T10
  3. Sneds branches to abdominal pre-vertebral plexuses
102
Q

Pelvic Splanchnic

A
  1. Provides PARASYMPATHETIC innervation to the Hundgut
  2. Arises from S2-S4
  3. Enters inferior hypogastric plexus in the pelvis and moves upward into the inferior mesenteric part of pre-vertebral plexus
103
Q

Plexus vs, Ganglion

A

Plexus can carry Sympathetic AND Parasympathetic

Ganglion can carry Sympathetic OR Parasympathetic

G2 Anatomy Exam 2 (10 decks)

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