Abdomen, Genitalia and Rectum

Question 1

What are the parts of Abdomen, Genitalia and Rectum assessment?

Answer 1

Abdomen inspection
Abdomen Auscultation
Abdomen percussion
Abdomen palpation
GI changes in older adults
Male GU
Female GU
Rectum

Question 2

Four technique of physical assessment in order

Answer 2

Inspect
Auscultate
Percussion
Palpation

Question 3

Abdomen Inspection

Answer 3

Size, symmetry, hair distribution, abdominal movements

SKIN: lesions, scars, stretch marks
SHAPE: flat, concave, contour, distended, pregnant; bloating = flatus, feces, fluid

Measure waist circumference
Ask when was last meal

“When are bowel sounds most active?” 2-3 hours after eating

Question 4

Abdomen Auscultate

Answer 4

Upper to lower, if pain occurs auscultate that section last
Hyperperistalsis: 2-3 sounds per second
Hypoperistalsis: less than 5 bowel sounds per minute
Absent = ileus

Bruit- Turbulent blood flow = Abnormal whooshing over blood vessel
- May indicate aneurysm or altered blood circulation

Question 5

Abdomen Percussion

Answer 5

Solid organs = dull sound
Air filled organs = tympany/hollow sound

Question 6

Abdomen palpation

Answer 6

Fingertips 1/1inch in circular motion
Rebound tenderness: Pain when pressure is abruptly released

Observe for: grimacing, guarding
Abnormal findings: tenderness, rigidity, pain d/t peritonitis

Ascites: fluid in abdomen
Causes of ascites: Heart failure, kidney failure, extreme malnutrition, Cirrhosis of liver, cancer
Paracentesis: drain fluid from abdomen

Question 7

Changes in older adults

Answer 7

Decrease in salivary secretion
Decrease number of taste buds
Delayed gastric emptying
Increase in constipation

Question 8

Male GU

Answer 8

Wear gloves
Empty bladder, expose area
Have patient supine or standing eye level to genitalia
Inspect: hair, skin, position of urethra, meatus, lesions/warts/discharge
Scrotum: Position, symmetry of scrotal sacs
Palpate penis
Inguinal area: have client bear down, check for swelling or complaints of pain

Older adults: assess for incontinence

Question 9

Female GU

Answer 9

Wear gloves
Empty bladder, expose area
Dorsal recumbent position
Drape for privacy
Inspect mons pubis

Spread labia majora
INSPECT: Lesions, discharge, inflammation, skin quality, hair distribution, redness

Older adults: assess for incontinence

Question 10

Rectum

Answer 10

Wear gloves
Position: Sims lateral or prone
Inspect anus: hemorrhoids, redness, rashes, lesions
Insert finger and palpate: walls for masses/tenderness
Test stool on glove for occult blood: