Abdomen

Question 1

ALIMENTARY TRACT

Answer 1

• Mouth
• Neck/thorax • Abdomen
• Glands

Question 2

GUT WALL

Answer 2

• Mucosa
• Submucosa
• Muscularis
• Serosa

Question 3

STOMACH

Answer 3

• Fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

* Chyme

Question 4

SMALL INTESTINE

Answer 4

• Duodenum, duodenal papillas
• Bile duct/gall bladder
• Pancreatic duct, pancreas
• Jejunum
• Ileum, Villi

Question 5

LIVER

Answer 5

• Portal vein, hepatic artery • Bile duct
• Dual blood supply
• Lobule

Question 6

COLON

Answer 6

• Water
• Bacteria
• Rectum

Question 7

Divisions of the gut

Answer 7

Foregut, midgut, hindgut

Question 8

Foregut contents

Answer 8

Celiac trunk supplies blood

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum

Question 9

Midgut contents

Answer 9

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Jejunum, Ileum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon (2/3)

Question 10

Hindgut contents

Answer 10

Transverse & Descending Colon, Sigmoid, Rectum

Question 11

The Peritoneum (parietal vs visceral)

Answer 11

• Parietal Peritoneum lines the
abdominal wall
• Visceral peritoneum covers suspended organs

Question 12

The Peritoneum (inta vs retro)

Answer 12

• Intraperitoneal structures are suspended from the abdominal wall by mesenteries
• Retroperitoneal structures lie between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall

Question 13

Retroperitoneal structures

Answer 13

Primary retroperitoneal structures develop on the posterior abdominal wall and remain in that position
• Secondary retroperitoneal structures are suspended in the abdominal cavity during development and then later fuse with the abdominal wall

Question 14

Mucosa

Answer 14

Mucosa is the inner lining of the GI tract and contains 3 layers:

1. Epithelium - in direct contact with the contents of the GI tract
   a. exocrine cells - secrete mucus or enzymes
   b. endocrine cells - secrete hormones
   c. epithelial cells - specialized for nutrient absorption
2. Lamina propria - supportive connective tissue
3. Muscularis mucosae - thin layer of muscle

Question 15

Submucosa

Answer 15

The Submucosa connects the mucosa to the muscular layer. It gives the GI tract elasticity.
CONTAINS
blood vessels, nerves
- Submucosal plexus controls GI motility and secretion
lymphatic vessels, exocrine glands

Question 16

Muscularis

Answer 16

The muscularis contains two layers of musculature - one inner circular one and one outer longitudinal one.
The myenteric plexus lies between these two layers and it controls gut motility - peristalsis.

Question 17

Serosa

Answer 17

The serosa is the outer lining of the GI tract. It secretes a lubricating fluid.

Question 18

Body

Answer 18

Rippling waves of peristalsis mix food with digestive enzymes to reduce it to CHYME - a thin liquid.

Question 19

Fundus

Answer 19

most superior part of stomach, part of hollow organ furthest from opening

Question 20

Cardia

Answer 20

opening of stomach where esophagus enters

Question 21

Body

Answer 21

main section of the stomach

Question 22

Pylorus

Answer 22

funnel-shaped pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum

Question 23

Stomach -> Pancreas Interface

Answer 23

Minor duodenal papilla, Major duodenal papilla, Bile duct, Pancreatic duct

Question 24

Stomach -> Pancreas Interface

Answer 24

Minor duodenal papilla, Major duodenal papilla, Bile duct, Pancreatic duct

Question 25

Pancreas

Answer 25

Large gland behind the stomach

Question 26

What does the exocrine pancreas do?

Answer 26

Exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

Question 27

What is the role of the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 27

Endocrine pancreas is critical for glucose homeostasis (insulin!).

Question 28

What is the role of the endocrine pancreas?

Answer 28

Endocrine pancreas is critical for glucose homeostasis (insulin!).

Question 29

Dual blood supply of liver

Answer 29

75% of total blood to liver from portal vein 25% from hepatic artery 1.5L of blood / minute Arterial supply to the foregut Venous drainage through the portal vein to the liver

Question 30

Liver

Answer 30

In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones. - Detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

Question 31

Liver lobuel

Answer 31

unit drained by a centra vein

Question 32

Jejunum

Answer 32

circular folds

Question 33

Ileum

Answer 33

lymphatic follicles and circular folds

Question 34

Colon (large intestine)

Answer 34

Very little absorption of nutrients, absorption of water, peristaltic movements to move contents from one hausfrau to the next.

Question 35

Colon -> Rectum

Answer 35

Peristaltic movements push fecal matter from the large intestine into the rectum.

Question 36

Deification process

Answer 36

Distention cause stimulation of stretch receptors in the wall of the rectum which initiates the defecation reflex Voluntary contractions of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm along with the voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter allows for defecation

Question 37

Foregut blood supply

Answer 37

Celiac Trunk

Question 38

midgut blood supply

Answer 38

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Question 39

handout blood supply

Answer 39

Inferior Mesenteric Artery