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BMEG 410 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

ALIMENTARY TRACT

A
  • Mouth
  • Neck/thorax • Abdomen
  • Glands
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2
Q

GUT WALL

A
  • Mucosa
  • Submucosa
  • Muscularis
  • Serosa
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3
Q

STOMACH

A
  • Fundus, cardia, body, pylorus

* Chyme

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4
Q

SMALL INTESTINE

A
  • Duodenum, duodenal papillas
  • Bile duct/gall bladder
  • Pancreatic duct, pancreas
  • Jejunum
  • Ileum, Villi
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5
Q

LIVER

A
  • Portal vein, hepatic artery • Bile duct
  • Dual blood supply
  • Lobule
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6
Q

COLON

A
  • Water
  • Bacteria
  • Rectum
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7
Q

Divisions of the gut

A

Foregut, midgut, hindgut

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8
Q

Foregut contents

A

Celiac trunk supplies blood

Stomach, Liver, Pancreas, Duodenum

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9
Q

Midgut contents

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

Jejunum, Ileum, Ascending Colon, Transverse Colon (2/3)

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10
Q

Hindgut contents

A

Transverse & Descending Colon, Sigmoid, Rectum

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11
Q

The Peritoneum (parietal vs visceral)

A

• Parietal Peritoneum lines the
abdominal wall
• Visceral peritoneum covers suspended organs

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12
Q

The Peritoneum (inta vs retro)

A
  • Intraperitoneal structures are suspended from the abdominal wall by mesenteries
  • Retroperitoneal structures lie between the peritoneum and the posterior abdominal wall
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13
Q

Retroperitoneal structures

A

Primary retroperitoneal structures develop on the posterior abdominal wall and remain in that position
• Secondary retroperitoneal structures are suspended in the abdominal cavity during development and then later fuse with the abdominal wall

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14
Q

Mucosa

A

Mucosa is the inner lining of the GI tract and contains 3 layers:

  1. Epithelium - in direct contact with the contents of the GI tract
    a. exocrine cells - secrete mucus or enzymes
    b. endocrine cells - secrete hormones
    c. epithelial cells - specialized for nutrient absorption
  2. Lamina propria - supportive connective tissue
  3. Muscularis mucosae - thin layer of muscle
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15
Q

Submucosa

A

The Submucosa connects the mucosa to the muscular layer. It gives the GI tract elasticity.
CONTAINS
blood vessels, nerves
- Submucosal plexus controls GI motility and secretion
lymphatic vessels, exocrine glands

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16
Q

Muscularis

A

The muscularis contains two layers of musculature - one inner circular one and one outer longitudinal one.
The myenteric plexus lies between these two layers and it controls gut motility - peristalsis.

17
Q

Serosa

A

The serosa is the outer lining of the GI tract. It secretes a lubricating fluid.

18
Q

Body

A

Rippling waves of peristalsis mix food with digestive enzymes to reduce it to CHYME - a thin liquid.

19
Q

Fundus

A

most superior part of stomach, part of hollow organ furthest from opening

20
Q

Cardia

A

opening of stomach where esophagus enters

21
Q

Body

A

main section of the stomach

22
Q

Pylorus

A

funnel-shaped pylorus connects the stomach to the duodenum

23
Q

Stomach -> Pancreas Interface

A

Minor duodenal papilla, Major duodenal papilla, Bile duct, Pancreatic duct

24
Q

Stomach -> Pancreas Interface

A

Minor duodenal papilla, Major duodenal papilla, Bile duct, Pancreatic duct

25
Q

Pancreas

A

Large gland behind the stomach

26
Q

What does the exocrine pancreas do?

A

Exocrine pancreas secretes digestive enzymes into the duodenum.

27
Q

What is the role of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Endocrine pancreas is critical for glucose homeostasis (insulin!).

28
Q

What is the role of the endocrine pancreas?

A

Endocrine pancreas is critical for glucose homeostasis (insulin!).

29
Q

Dual blood supply of liver

A

75% of total blood to liver from portal vein
25% from hepatic artery 1.5L of blood / minute

Arterial supply to the foregut
Venous drainage through the portal vein to the liver

30
Q

Liver

A

In humans, it is located in the right upper quadrant of the abdomen, below the diaphragm. Its other roles in metabolism include the regulation of glycogen storage, decomposition of red blood cells and the production of hormones.
- Detoxifies various metabolites, synthesizes proteins and produces biochemicals necessary for digestion.

31
Q

Liver lobuel

A

unit drained by a centra vein

32
Q

Jejunum

A

circular folds

33
Q

Ileum

A

lymphatic follicles and circular folds

34
Q

Colon (large intestine)

A

Very little absorption of nutrients, absorption of water, peristaltic movements to move contents from one hausfrau to the next.

35
Q

Colon -> Rectum

A

Peristaltic movements push fecal matter from the large intestine into the rectum.

36
Q

Deification process

A

Distention cause stimulation of stretch receptors in the wall of the rectum which initiates the defecation reflex

Voluntary contractions of the abdominal muscles and diaphragm along with the voluntary relaxation of the external anal sphincter allows for defecation

37
Q

Foregut blood supply

A

Celiac Trunk

38
Q

midgut blood supply

A

Superior Mesenteric Artery

39
Q

handout blood supply

A

Inferior Mesenteric Artery

BMEG 410 (12 decks)

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