7 - Thoracic Cavity Flashcards
Pulmonary Arteries
Send deoxygenated, mixed venous blood to the lungs
Pulmonary Veins
Return oxygenated blood from the lungs to the left atrium
Aorta
Carries oxygenated blood from the left ventricle to the systematic circulation
Superior and inferior vena cava
returns blood from upper and lower body to the heart, drains into the right atrium
Expansion of the ribcage during respiration directions
anteroposterior
lateral
vertical (due to contraction of the diaphragm)
Diaphragm
- seals the thoracic outlet
- Innervation through the phrenic
nerve (C3,4,5)
How do you think the intercostal muscles will participate in breathing mechanics?
intercostal muscles are engaged in respiratory stress
expand and contract the ribs to allow space for the lungs in the anteroposterior, lateral, and vertical directions
How does the link between pulmonary circulation and body circulation work?
Pulmonary circulation moves blood between the heart and the lungs. The oxygenated blood then flows back to the heart. Systemic/body circulation moves blood between the heart and the rest of the body. It sends oxygenated blood out to cells and returns deoxygenated blood to the heart.
how does fluid surrounding the pleura aid respiration?
- if there’s fluid between, you have a surface tension when you expand the thorax and you hare able to expand the lungs and pull them wider
- less friction
bronchii
Covered in cartilage so they don’t collapse under the pressure of inhalation
why is there no cartilage within the lungs?
The surface area increases further into the lungs which will increase the surface tension since there is fluid around Bronchiole and Alveoli
Parts of the airway
Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Lobes Lobule Bronchiole Alveoli
Parts of the airway
Nose Mouth Pharynx Larynx Trachea Bronchi Lungs Lobes Lobule Bronchiole Alveoli
What is the consequence of pulmonary hypertension on the heart?
High pressure strains the right ventricle of the heart, causing it to expand in size. Overworked and enlarged, the right ventricle gradually becomes weaker and loses its ability to pump enough blood to the lungs. This could lead to the development of right heart failure.
What would the result of tricuspid valve damage be for the hemodynamics of the right heart?
It leads to backward flow of blood into the right atrium during systole; when the tricuspid regurgitation is only mild or moderate, this has no major hemodynamic consequences because the right atrium is very compliant.
The tricuspid valve is susceptible to bacterial damage - why? How do the bacteria get to the tricuspid valve?
The heart valves are not supplied directly with blood. Therefore, the body’s immune response system, such as the infection-fighting white blood cells, cannot directly reach the valves through the bloodstream. Bacteria introduced into the blood stream flowing through the valve can lodge on heart valves and cause infection of the endocardium. If bacteria begins to grow on the valves, it is difficult to fight the infection
Why is the thickness of the left ventricle greater than that of the right ventricle?
left ventricle needs to generate more pressure, systolic pressure, so it has more muscle (papillary muscles)
Papillary muscles
Attach to valves via chore tendinae and prevent prolapse of valve cusps
What is the consequence of mitral valve stenosis?
Mitral valve stenosis can strain your heart and decrease blood flow. Untreated, mitral valve stenosis can lead to complications such as Pulmonary hypertension
What is the function of the chordae tendinae?
The chordae tendineae are a group of tough, tendinous strands in the heart. They are commonly referred to as the “heart strings” since they resemble small pieces of string. They play a vital role in holding the atrioventricular valves in place while the heart is pumping blood.
Important features of the Right Ventricle
tricuspid valve papillary muscles chordae tendinae moderator band pulmonary valve
Important features of the Right Atrium
openings of the superior and inferior vena cava
opening of the coronary sinus
opening of the tricuspid valve
fossa ovalis
Important features of the Left Ventricle
two cusps of the mitral valve papillary muscles chordae tendinae cusps of the aortic valve interventricular septum
Important features of the Left Atrium
opening of the pulmonary veins
opening of the mitral valve
