Abdomen Flashcards
What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen
Right Upper quadrant
Left Upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Right lower quadrant
What lines divide the quadrants?
Horizontal = Translumbical plane Vertical = median plane
What are the 9 regions of the abdomen
Right hypochondriac Left hypocondriac epigastric right lumbar left lumbar umbilical right iliac left iliac hypogastric
What is the vertical muscles of the Anterolateral abdominal wall?
Rectus abdominis
What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of External Oblique MM.?
O: Ext surf. ribs 5-12
I: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, ant. illiac crest
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + subcostal N.
A: Flex, Rot trunk. Support viscera
Fibres: front pocket
What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of internal Oblique mm?
O: Thoracolumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 iliac crest, lat. 1/2 inguinal ligament
I: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectineal line via conjoint tendon
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + 1st. lumbar N.
A: Flex. Rot. trunk, compression + support abd. viscera.
Fibres: hands back pocket
What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of Transverse abdominal?
O: Inf. surf. costal cartilages 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament.
I: Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest & pectineal line via conjoint tendon
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + 1st. lumbar N.
A: compression + support abd. viscera.
Fibres: horizontal
What is the linea Alba?
Line where all the flat muscles interlace.
What is the rectus sheath?
Abdominal space. Sheet like aponeurosis made from the flat abdominal muscles.
What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of Rectus Abdominis?
O: Pubic symphysis & pubic crest
I: Xiphoid process & costal cartilages 5-7
N: Thoracoabdominal nn (ventral rami of inf. 6 thoracic nn)
A: Flexes trunk; Compression & support of abdominal viscera
What is the inguinal canal?
Anatomical passageway 4cm.
location: runs oblique inferiomedial direction across anterolateral abdominal wall.
What is the deep inguinal ring?
lateral end of the inguinal canal opening in tranversalis fascia.
What is the superficial inguinal ring?
Medial end opening of the inguinal canal opening in external oblique aponeurosis.
What are the walls of the inguinal canal
Anterior: aponeurosis of external oblique mm
Posterior: transverse fascia, conjoint tendon of internal oblique + transverse abdominal mm.
Floor inguinal ligament.
Roof: fibres of internal oblique + transverse abdominis mm.
What is the contents of the inguinal canal
Male: sperm cord
female: round lig. of uterus + Nerves, vessels + lymphs.
What is the Parietal peritoneum?
Large serous membrane of the body, lines the internal surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls. sensitive to pain temperature, pressure touch.
What is the visceral peritoneum?
large serous membrane that covers abdominal viscera. sensitive to stretch and tearing
What is the peritoneal cavity?
Space between parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum. Usually empty but may contain peritoneal fluid.
What is the structure and function of peritoneal fluid?
Allows viscera to move without friction.
Pale yellow colour
contains leukocytes.
What is the difference between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal organs?
Intra: Organs completely covered with visceral peritoneum
Extra: are external or posterior to the parietal peritoneum.
What lines divide the 9 regions of the abdomen?
Superior horizontal: subcostal plane
inf. horizontal: transtubercular plane
Vertical: Midclavicular plane
What are the 4 parts of the peritoneum?
Mesenteries
Omentan lesser
Omenta greater
Peritoneal lig
What is mesentery and its function?
Double layer of peritoneum, continuous with the parietal & visceral peritoneum. connects the organs to the posterior abdominal wall
What is the lesser omentum?
two-layers form of peritoneum. connect stomach to the liver
What are the main abdominal arterial supply?
Celiac trunk
Supra mesenteric artery
Inferior Mesenteric artery
Describe the Inferior vena cava?
Largest vein in the body
begins L5.
What is the nerve supply to the skin and muscle fo the abdomen?
- Thoracoabdominal nn (T7-T11)
- Subcostal nn (T12)
- Iliohypogastric nn (L1)
- Ilioinguinal nn (L1)
What are the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?
Greater splanchnic (T5 - T9/10) Lesser splanchnic (T9 - T10/11) Least splanchnic (T12) Lumbar splanchnic nn (L1
What does PNS vagus N supply?
All the digestive viscera liver stomach spleen ascending and half of the transverse colon small intestine
What does PNS pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4) N supply?
supply abdominal viscera not supplied by Vagus and pelvic viscera.
descending colon
What does the germ layer endoderm deviate?
epithelial lining of digestive & urinary tract, parenchyma of liver & pancreas
What does the germ layer Splanchnic mesoderm deviate?
digestive tract,
spleen
adrenal cord
What does the germ layer ntermediate mesoderm deviate?
kidneys,
urogenital tract
gonads
What does the germ layer ectoderm deviate?
adrenal medulla, epithelium of mouth,
anus,
nasal cavity
What are the organs located in the Right hypochondriac region?
Gallbladder
Liver
Right kidney
Small Intestine
What are the organs located in the Left hypochondriac region?
Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas
Spleen
What are the organs located in the epigastric Region region?
Adrenal glands Duodenum Liver Pancreas Spleel Stomach
What are the organs located in the Right lumbar region?
Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon
What are the organs located in the left lumbar region?
Descending colon
Left kidney
What are the organs located in the umbilical Region region?
Duodenum
Umbilicus
What are the organs located in the Right illiac region?
Cecum
Appendix
What are the organs located in the left illiac region?
Descending colon
Sigmoid colon
What are the organs located in the pubic Region region?
Sigmoid colon
Urinary bladder
What are the organs that are retroperitoneal?
SAD PUCKER S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava D = Duodenum (second and third segments) P = Pancreas U = Ureters C = Colon (ascending and descending only) K = Kidneys E = Esophagus R = Rectum
What is the difference between the abdominoplastic N and the pelvic splanchnic N?
abdominoplasty N - sympathetic
pelvic splanchnic N - parasympathetic
