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SBO5 > Abdomen > Flashcards

Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 4 quadrants of the abdomen

A

Right Upper quadrant
Left Upper quadrant
Left lower quadrant
Right lower quadrant

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2
Q

What lines divide the quadrants?

A 
Horizontal = Translumbical plane 
Vertical = median plane
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3
Q

What are the 9 regions of the abdomen

A 
Right hypochondriac 
Left hypocondriac 
epigastric
right lumbar
left lumbar
umbilical
right iliac 
left iliac 
hypogastric
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4
Q

What is the vertical muscles of the Anterolateral abdominal wall?

A

Rectus abdominis

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5
Q

What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of External Oblique MM.?

A

O: Ext surf. ribs 5-12
I: Linea alba, pubic tubercle, ant. illiac crest
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + subcostal N.
A: Flex, Rot trunk. Support viscera
Fibres: front pocket

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6
Q

What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of internal Oblique mm?

A

O: Thoracolumbar fascia, ant. 2/3 iliac crest, lat. 1/2 inguinal ligament
I: Inferior borders of ribs 10-12, linea alba, pectineal line via conjoint tendon
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + 1st. lumbar N.
A: Flex. Rot. trunk, compression + support abd. viscera.
Fibres: hands back pocket

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7
Q

What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of Transverse abdominal?

A

O: Inf. surf. costal cartilages 7-12, thoracolumbar fascia, iliac crest, lateral 1/3 of inguinal ligament.
I: Linea alba with aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest & pectineal line via conjoint tendon
N: Thoracoabdominal N. (inf. 6 Tx nn) + 1st. lumbar N.
A: compression + support abd. viscera.
Fibres: horizontal

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8
Q

What is the linea Alba?

A

Line where all the flat muscles interlace.

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9
Q

What is the rectus sheath?

A

Abdominal space. Sheet like aponeurosis made from the flat abdominal muscles.

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10
Q

What is the origin insertion and action and Nerve supply of Rectus Abdominis?

A

O: Pubic symphysis & pubic crest
I: Xiphoid process & costal cartilages 5-7
N: Thoracoabdominal nn (ventral rami of inf. 6 thoracic nn)
A: Flexes trunk; Compression & support of abdominal viscera

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11
Q

What is the inguinal canal?

A

Anatomical passageway 4cm.

location: runs oblique inferiomedial direction across anterolateral abdominal wall.

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12
Q

What is the deep inguinal ring?

A

lateral end of the inguinal canal opening in tranversalis fascia.

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13
Q

What is the superficial inguinal ring?

A

Medial end opening of the inguinal canal opening in external oblique aponeurosis.

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14
Q

What are the walls of the inguinal canal

A

Anterior: aponeurosis of external oblique mm
Posterior: transverse fascia, conjoint tendon of internal oblique + transverse abdominal mm.
Floor inguinal ligament.
Roof: fibres of internal oblique + transverse abdominis mm.

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15
Q

What is the contents of the inguinal canal

A

Male: sperm cord
female: round lig. of uterus + Nerves, vessels + lymphs.

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16
Q

What is the Parietal peritoneum?

A

Large serous membrane of the body, lines the internal surface of the abdominal and pelvic walls. sensitive to pain temperature, pressure touch.

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17
Q

What is the visceral peritoneum?

A

large serous membrane that covers abdominal viscera. sensitive to stretch and tearing

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18
Q

What is the peritoneal cavity?

A

Space between parietal and visceral layers of the peritoneum. Usually empty but may contain peritoneal fluid.

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19
Q

What is the structure and function of peritoneal fluid?

A

Allows viscera to move without friction.
Pale yellow colour
contains leukocytes.

20
Q

What is the difference between intraperitoneal and extraperitoneal organs?

A

Intra: Organs completely covered with visceral peritoneum
Extra: are external or posterior to the parietal peritoneum.

21
Q

What lines divide the 9 regions of the abdomen?

A

Superior horizontal: subcostal plane
inf. horizontal: transtubercular plane
Vertical: Midclavicular plane

22
Q

What are the 4 parts of the peritoneum?

A

Mesenteries
Omentan lesser
Omenta greater
Peritoneal lig

23
Q

What is mesentery and its function?

A

Double layer of peritoneum, continuous with the parietal & visceral peritoneum. connects the organs to the posterior abdominal wall

24
Q

What is the lesser omentum?

A

two-layers form of peritoneum. connect stomach to the liver

25
Q

What are the main abdominal arterial supply?

A

Celiac trunk
Supra mesenteric artery
Inferior Mesenteric artery

26
Q

Describe the Inferior vena cava?

A

Largest vein in the body

begins L5.

27
Q

What is the nerve supply to the skin and muscle fo the abdomen?

A
  • Thoracoabdominal nn (T7-T11)
  • Subcostal nn (T12)
  • Iliohypogastric nn (L1)
  • Ilioinguinal nn (L1)
28
Q

What are the abdominopelvic splanchnic nerves?

A 
Greater splanchnic (T5 - T9/10)
Lesser splanchnic (T9 - T10/11)
Least splanchnic (T12)
Lumbar splanchnic nn (L1
29
Q

What does PNS vagus N supply?

A 
All the digestive viscera
liver
stomach
spleen 
ascending and half of the transverse colon
small intestine
30
Q

What does PNS pelvic splanchnic (S2-S4) N supply?

A

supply abdominal viscera not supplied by Vagus and pelvic viscera.
descending colon

31
Q

What does the germ layer endoderm deviate?

A

epithelial lining of digestive & urinary tract, parenchyma of liver & pancreas

32
Q

What does the germ layer Splanchnic mesoderm deviate?

A

digestive tract,
spleen
adrenal cord

33
Q

What does the germ layer ntermediate mesoderm deviate?

A

kidneys,
urogenital tract
gonads

34
Q

What does the germ layer ectoderm deviate?

A

adrenal medulla, epithelium of mouth,
anus,
nasal cavity

35
Q

What are the organs located in the Right hypochondriac region?

A

Gallbladder
Liver
Right kidney
Small Intestine

36
Q

What are the organs located in the Left hypochondriac region?

A

Colon
Left kidney
Pancreas
Spleen

37
Q

What are the organs located in the epigastric Region region?

A 
Adrenal glands
Duodenum
Liver
Pancreas
Spleel
Stomach
38
Q

What are the organs located in the Right lumbar region?

A

Gallbladder
Liver
Right colon

39
Q

What are the organs located in the left lumbar region?

A

Descending colon

Left kidney

40
Q

What are the organs located in the umbilical Region region?

A

Duodenum

Umbilicus

41
Q

What are the organs located in the Right illiac region?

A

Cecum

Appendix

42
Q

What are the organs located in the left illiac region?

A

Descending colon

Sigmoid colon

43
Q

What are the organs located in the pubic Region region?

A

Sigmoid colon

Urinary bladder

44
Q

What are the organs that are retroperitoneal?

A 
SAD PUCKER
S = Suprarenal (adrenal) glands
A = Aorta/Inferior Vena Cava
D = Duodenum (second and third segments)
P = Pancreas
U = Ureters
C = Colon (ascending and descending only)
K = Kidneys
E = Esophagus
R = Rectum
45
Q

What is the difference between the abdominoplastic N and the pelvic splanchnic N?

A

abdominoplasty N - sympathetic

pelvic splanchnic N - parasympathetic

SBO5 (16 decks)

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