Abdomen Flashcards
What is this sound?
Since bowel sounds are heard as well, this could be a:
Renal / Abdominal aorta / Hepatic / Iliac bruit.
Where and how can l auscultate for a Renal artery bruit?
Where:
* Left renal artery- In the left hypochondrium, 3 inches from the xiphoid process tip
- Right renal artery- In the right hypochondrium, 3 inches from the Xiphoid process tip
How: Bell of stethoscope
What does a Renal artery bruit indicate?
Renal artery stenosis
Where and how can l auscultate for a Abdominal aorta bruit?
Where: In the Epigastrium, below the xiphoid process, on the midline
How: Bell of the stethoscope
What does an Abdominal aorta bruit indicate?
- Aortic aneurysm
- Aorto arteritis (AKA: Takayasu’s arteritis)
Where and how can l auscultate for a Hepatic friction rub?
Where: Right hypochondrium, inferior to the costal margin on the midclavicular line.
How: Bell of stethoscope
Note: worse on inspiration
What does a hepatic friction rub indicate?
- Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC)
- Acute alcoholic hepatitis
- Hemangioma
- Liver cirrhosis
Where and how do l auscultate for Friction rubs in the Left Hypochondrium?
Where: Left hypochondrium, inferior to the costal margin on the midclavicular line.
How: Bell of the stethoscope
Friction rubs in the Left hypochondrium indicates?
- Splenic infarction
- Pancreatic carcinoma
Where and how do you auscultate for a Iliac bruit
Where:
Right Iliac artery: 1 inch below and 3 inches lateral to the umbilicus on the right
Left Iliac artery: 1 inch below and 3 inches lateral to the umbilicus on the left
How: Bell of the stethoscope
What are the 4 shapes of the abdomen
- Flat
- Rounded (AKA: Convex abdomen)
- Scaphoid (AKA: Concave abdomen)
- Protuberant
Generalized abdominal distension is seen in?
conditions such as:
1. Fluid (Ascetic fluid)
2. Fat
3. Flatus
4. Feces
5. Fetus
6. Full bladder
7. Fatal neoplasm
What are 11 possible abdominal scars seen post surgery?
- Kosher
- Loin
- Midline Laparatomy
- Gridiron Mcburney
- Rutherford Morrison
- Lanz
- Pfannenstiel
- RIF/LIF
- Paramedian
- Chevron (Rooftop) modification
- Mercedes Benz modification
What are the indications for: Loin, RIF/LIF, Chevron (Rooftop) modification & Paramedian scars?
- Loin - Renal surgery (e.g., Nephrectomy)
- RIF/LIF - previous stoma sites
- Chevron (Rooftop) modification -
- Gastrectomy
- Esophagectomy
- Bilateral adrenalectomy
- Hepatic resctions
- Liver transplant
- Pancreatic surgery - Paramedian - Spleen, Kidney & Adrenal operations
Describe and tell me the indications for the following abdominal scars:
* Kosher
* Midline Laparatomy
* Gridiron Mcburney
* Rutherford Morisson
* Lanz
* Pfannenstiel
* Mercedes Benz modification
- Kosher - inferior and parallel incision to the costal margin
indications: Gallbladder & Biliary tract operations - Midline Laparatomy - incision along the linea alba
Indications: Laparatomies (most abdominal operations can be done by this approach) - Gridiron Mcburney - oblique incision at Mcburney’s point
Indication: Appendectomy - Rutherford Morisson - extension of the Gridiron Mcburney incision
Indications: implantation of a transplanted kidney, Colonic resction, Caecostomy, Sigmoid colostomy (on the left) - Lanz - transverse incision at Mcburney’s point
Indication: Appendectomy - Pfannenstiel - incision along the pubic hairline
Indication: Caesarean section, pelvic / bladder / prostate surgery - Mercedes Benz modification - chevron + incision and break through xiphisternum
Indications: same as chevron modification & Diaphragmatic hernias
Describe this picture and what does it indicate?
Describe this picture and what does it indicate?
Describe this picture and what does it indicate?
Describe this picture and what does it indicate?
