Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Small Animal Orthopaedics > A7: Complications > Flashcards

A7: Complications Flashcards

1
Q

What is a non-union / pseudarthrosis?

A

Fracture that fails to unite in the expected time and show no further progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a delayed union?

A

Takes longer than normal to heal, but still shows progression

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What are the two outcomes of delayed union?

A

Union or non-union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What are some factors that affect rate of fracture union?

A

Stability, vascularity, bone grafting, soft tissue trauma, defects, cortical or cancellous bone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What are the three types of viable non-unions?

A

Hypertrophic (elephant foot callus), slightly hypertrophic, oligotrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the four types of non-viable non-unions?

A

Dystrophic, necrotic, defect, atrophic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a more simple way to classify non-unions?

A

Hypertrophic (viable) or atrophic (non-viable)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Which factors result in an atrophic non-union?

A

Absence of callus, large gap, round ends, closed medullary cavity, disuse osteoporosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What are some causes of non-union?

A

Inadequate stabilisation, excessive fixation, loss of blood supply, large gap, necrosis from severe comminution, osteomyelitis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where is a risk factor for non-union in toy breed dogs?

A

Distal radius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Where is a risk factor for non-union in cats?

A

Tibia with ESF

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is “the unhappy triad” of osteomyelitis?

A

Infection, bone resorption, implant loosening and fracture instability

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Are flexible or rigid plates better for fracture healing?

A

Flexible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are some possible reasons excessive rigidity inhibits fracture healing?

A

Stress protection? Bone atrophy? Lack of micromotion? Damaged blood supply?

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is Key’s hypothesis?

A

That there is a critical size defect - over 1.25x bone diameter, you get atrophic non-union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where is a high risk for non-union in cats and small breed dogs?

A

Distal radius

17
Q

What happens at the distal radius in non-union in cats?

A

Slightly hypertrophic

18
Q

What happens at the distal radius in non-union in small breed dogs?

A

Atrophic

19
Q

Where else is possibly a high-risk site for non-union in cats?

A

Tibia

20
Q

How can you diagnose non-union?

A

Pain, atrophy, joint stiffness, palpable instability, limb deformity, radiographic signs

21
Q

What are some possible ways to treat a non-union?

A

Surgery, resect fibrous tissue and bone ends, take a culture, remove the callus, open medullary cavities, stabilise, bone graft, remove loose implants

22
Q

What are some problems with surgically exposure of a non-union?

A

Anatomic approach, haemorrhage, scar tissue, neurovascular bundles

23
Q

What do you resect in an atrophic non-union?

A

Scar tissue

24
Q

What is one way to stabilise a non-union?

A

Use a DCP on the tension side with a tensioning device and 3-5 screws in each fragment

25
Q

What is “wave plate” stabilisation?

A

Put a graft over the callus, and a plate over that

26
Q

What is a disadvantage of “wave plate” stabilisation?

A

Increased fatigue life of plate

27
Q

What do you use to open the medullary cavity?

A

1.5mm drill

28
Q

What can you do in hypertrophy?

A

Remove the callus

29
Q

Where can you collect a cancellous bone graft?

A

Proximal humerus, pelvis

30
Q

What can you use to open the cortex?

A

Drill, pin, trephine

31
Q

Which kind of graft is the most osteogenic?

A

Autogenous cancellous

32
Q

What are the three Os of graft action?

A

Osteogenesis, osteoinduction, osteoconduction

33
Q

What can aftercare of repeat surgery include?

A

Restrict activity, physiotherapy for contracture and stiff joints, radiographic monitoring, monitor stability, repeat bone graft

34
Q

What is a Jonas pin?

A

A spring-loaded IM pin

Small Animal Orthopaedics (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions