A6- Structural Members, Loads, & Fixed Supports Flashcards
What are the 3 types of behavior of structural members after load?
1.
2.
3.
- Bending.
- Compression.
- Tension.
What is a lintel?
A beam that __________ the ______ of a ________ or ____________ opening.
supports
top
door
window
A beam is what type of structural member?
Horizontal.
What is a strut?
A _______ or ______ in framework to _________________________.
rod
bar
decrease compression
What is a tie?
A _____ or ______ joining 2 ____________________ to _______________________.
rod
bar
framework elements
decrease tension
What 2 structural members are used to resist bending?
1.
2.
- Beams.
- Lintels.
What 3 structural members are used to resist compression?
1.
2.
3.
- Columns.
- Walls.
- Struts.
What structural member is used to resist tension?
Ties.
What is buckling?
A type of ____________________ caused by ________________ which forces a structural member to ________________.
structural failure
compression
deflect sideways
What is yielding?
________ that causes a material to _________.
Stress
deform
What are the 5 types of loads? (DDLPW)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
- Dead loads.
- Distributed loads.
- Live loads.
- Point loads.
- Wind.
What is a dead load?
A load on a building that does not move or change over time.
What is another word for dead loads?
Static loads.
What is a live load?
A load on a building that can move away or change over time.
The point load is a load at a _______________ of an object.
single point
Distributed load is the total load distributed over the _______________ of an object.
surface area
What are the 3 types of structural supports?
1.
2.
3.
- Hinged supports.
- Roller supports.
- Fixed supports.
What is an advantage of hinged supports and roller supports?
Free rotation.
Do fixed supports allow for free rotation?
No.
Fixed supports resist _________________, so the structure is stable.
Fixed supports resist __________ forces, so the structure is stable.
movement
uplift
Which 2 supports prevent vertical/ horizontal movement?
1.
2.
Hinged supports.
Fixed supports.
A hardwood deck on a lake is fixed with roller supports.
Roller supports allow for _______________, which prevents __________ of the deck due to ____________.
rotational movement
damage
movement
Columns and struts may fail due to buckling, why?
Because the compressive loads are too great.
Beams and ties may undergo tensile failure. What does this mean for these structural members?
They will stretch until they break.
Joints between structural members may undergo shear failure, why?
Because the forces acting in different directions are too great.
Structural members could fail due to fatigue. What is causes fatigue?
Repeated loading.
