A1- Properties of Materials Flashcards
The properties of materials are ______________ from the size and shape of the material.
independent
What is mass?
The amount of _________ within an object.
matter
What is volume?
The amount of ________________ by an object.
space occupied
What is density?
The ________________ of an object within the object’s __________.
compactness
volume
Live loads are _________________.
Dead loads are ___________________.
movable objects
unmovable objects
What is stress?
The measure of _______________________ inside a material under a ________.
force distribution
load
What is strain?
When a material is __________ to _________________.
applied
external stress
What is deformation?
The change in ________ of a material due to the application of _________.
shape
force
What is strain in terms of deformation?
The measure of deformation of a material as a _____________________________.
proportion of its original length
What is tensile force?
When two objects _____________.
pull apart
- What is tensile strength?
- What is compressive strength?
- What is shear strength?
- A pulling force.
- A squeezing force.
- A cutting force.
When does a material rupture?
When the tensile or shear strength is exceeded.
The upper surface of the beam undergoes ____________.
The bottom surface of the beam undergoes ___________.
compression
tension
Bending strength of a beam relies on:
1. The ________ of the beam.
2. The __________ strength of a beam (because it is often weaker than the compressive strength).
shape
tensile
What is plastic deformation?
The ____________ deformation of a material.
permanent
What is fracture toughness?
The ability of a material to resist __________ under _______________ or __________.
fractures
shock loading
impact
What is hardness?
The ability of a material to resist _____________________________ and ____________ of its surface.
plastic deformation
indentation
What is malleability?
The ability of a material to resist _________________ when squeezed by _____________ forces.
plastic deformation
compressive
What is workability?
The ability of a material to be shaped, smoothed, ________, and finished.
mixed
What is stiffness?
The elastic behavior of a material to resist ____________.
deformation
What is fatigue?
When a material is subjected to ______________ until it cracks and _________.
cyclic loading
fails
What are 2 forms of cyclic loading?
- Full stress reversal in springs.
- Vibrations.
Ferrous metals (metal alloys containing iron) have a distinct _____________.
fatigue limit
What is creep?
When a material is subjected to _____________________.
So the material will undergo _________________ and ______________ over time.
constant tensile stress
plastic deformation
elongation
- Primary creep is the ______ creep rate in the beginning.
- Secondary creep is when there is ________ creep rate.
- Tertiary creep is when the creep rate ________________. So the material’s ____________ structure becomes ______________ and close to _________.
high
slower
increases rapidly
internal
deeply damaged
failure
What are the 2 factors that accelerate creep?
1.
2.
- Temperature.
- Stress.
How can fire resistance of a material be increased?
1.
2.
- Fire-retardant additives.
- Chemical treatments.
What is embedded energy?
The _______________ used in extraction, manufacturing, and transport of a material.
total energy
What is recycling potential?
The ability for recyclable materials to be _______________ during _______________ to improve the sustainability of a construction project.
separated
demolition
