A4.1 Evolution and speciation Flashcards
A4.1.1 The definition of evolution as change in the heritable characteristics of a population helps to distinguish _____ evolution from _____
Darwinian, Lamarckism
A4.1.1 Acquired changes that are not genetic in origin are not regarded as evolution
A4.1.1 NOS: The theory of evolution by natural selection predicts and explains a broad range of observations and is unlikely ever to be falsified. However, the nature of science makes it impossible to formally prove that it is true by correspondence. It is a pragmatic truth and is therefore referred to as a theory, despite all the supporting evidence
A4.1.2 Base sequences in DNA or RNA and animo acid sequences in proteins give powerful evidence of _____
Common ancestry
A4.1.3 Variation between different domesticated animal breeds and varieties of crop plant, and between them, and the original wild species, show how _____ evolutionary changes can occur
Rapidly
A4.1.4 Evidence for evolution from homologous structures
Pentadactyl limbs
Evidence for evolution can be from _____, _____, or _____
Base and amino acid sequences, selective breeding of domesticated animals and crop plants, homologous structures
A4.1.5 Analogous structures have the same function but different evolutionary origins
A4.1.5 Examples of analogous features
A4.1.6 Speciation is the only way in which new species have appeared
A4.1.6 _____ increases the total number of species on Earth, and _____ decreases it
Speciation, extinction
A4.1.6 Gradual evolutionary change in a species is NOT _____
Speciation
A4.1.7 Explain divergence due to differential selection using the example of the separation of bonobos and common chimpanzees by the Congo River
A4.1.8 Reproductive isolation can be _____, _____, or _____
Geographic, behavioral, temporal
A4.1.9 _____ allows closely related species to coexist without competing, thereby increasing _____ in ecosystems where there are vacant niches
Adaptive radiation, biodiversity
A4.1.10 _____ behavior often prevents hybridization in animal species
Courtship
A4.1.10 Example of sterile hybrid
Mule
A4.1.11 Explain abrupt speciation in plants using knotweed or smartweed as an example
Contains many species that have been formed by these processes (hybridization, polyploidy)
A4.1 Guiding Q: What is the evidence for evolution?
A4.1 Guiding Q: How do analogous and homologous structures exemplify commonality and diversity
A4.1 Linking Q: How does the theory of evolution by natural selection predict and explain the unity and diversity of life on Earth?
A4.1 What counts as strong evidence in biology?
