A1.2 Nucleic acids Flashcards
A1.2.1 Some viruses use _____ as their genetic material, but viruses are not considered to be _____
RNA, living
A1.1.2 Draw a nucleotide/chain of nucleotides, representing the relative positions of phosphates, pentose sugars, and bases
A1.2.3 _____ bonding makes a continuous chain of covalently bonded atoms in each strand of DNA or RNA nucleotides, which forms a strong _____ in the molecule
Sugar-phosphate, backbone
A1.2.4 Names of the nitrogenous bases
DNA: Adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine
RNA: Adenine, uracil, guanine, cytosine
A1.2.5 Draw and recognize diagrams of the structure of single nucleotides and RNA polymers
A1.2.6 Draw two strands of antiparallel DNA strands (not required to show helical shape)
AT GC pairing!
A1.2.7 Differences between DNA and RNA
Number of strands: 2 (DNA) / 1 (RNA)
Types of nitrogenous bases: ATGC (DNA) / AUGC (RNA)
Type of pentose sugar: Deoxyribose (DNA) / Ribose (RNA
A1.2.7 Sketch the difference between ribose and deoxyribose
A1.2.7 Examples of nucleic acids
A1.2.8 Complementary base pairing is based on _____ bonding
Hydrogen
A1.2.9 Diversity by any _____ of DNA molecule and any _____ is possible
Length, base sequence
A1.2.9 DNA has an enormous capacity for _____ data with great _____
Storing, economy
A1.2.10 Evidence of universal common ancestry
Conservation of the genetic code across all life forms?
A1.2.11 Directionality of DNA and RNA is due to _____
5’ to 3’ linkages in the sugar-phosphate backbone
A1.2.12 DNA helix has the same 3-dimensional structure, regardless of the base sequence because _____
Adenine-thymine (A-T) and cytosine-guanine (C-G) pairs have equal length
A1.2.13 DNA molecule is wrapped around a core of _____ held together by an additional _____ attached to _____ DNA
8 histone proteins, histone protein, linker
A1.2.13 AOS: Molecular visualization software to study the association between the proteins and DNA within a nucleosome
A1.2.14 Results of the Hershey-Chase experiment to support the conclusion that DNA is the genetic material
A1.2.14 NOS: Technological developments can open up new possibilities for experiments. Explain using the Hershey-Chase experiment as an example
When radioisotopes were made available as research tools, the Hershey-Chase experiment became possible
A1.2.15 NOS: The “problem of induction” is addressed by the “certainty of falsification”. Explain using the Chargaff’s data as an example
Chargafff’s data falsified the tetranucleotide hypothesis that there was a repeating sequence of the four bases in DNA
A1.2 Guiding Q: How does the structure of nucleic acids allow hereditary information to be stored?
A1.2 Guiding Q: How does the structure of DNA facilitate accurate replication?
A1.2 Linking Q: What makes RNA more likely to have been the first genetic material, rather than DNA?
A1.2 Linking Q: How can polymerization result in emergent properties?
