A3.1 Diversity of organisms Flashcards
A3.1.1 The patterns of variation are _____ and are the basis for _____ and _____ organisms
Complex, naming, classifying
A3.1.1 No two individuals are _____ in all their traits
Identical
A3.1.2 Defining species as groups of organisms with shared traits is the original _____ concept of the species as used by _____
Morphological, Linnaeus
A3.1.3 First part of the binomial name identifies the _____ and the second part distinguishes the _____
Genus, species
A3.1.3 Species in the same _____ have similar traits
Genus
A3.1.3 The genus name is given an initial _____ letter, but the species name is _____
Capital, lowercase
A3.1.4 According to the biological species concept, a species is a group of organisms that can _____ and produce _____
Breed, fertile offsprings
A3.1.4 Possible challenges associated with the definition of species according to the biological species concept
A3.1.4 Competing definitions of species
A3.1.5 _____ is the splitting of one species into two or more
Speciation
A3.1.5 Speciation usually happens _____, rather than by a single act, with two populations becoming more and more _____ in their traits
Gradually, different
A3.1.5 It can be an _____ decision whether two populations are regarded as the same or different species
Arbitrary
A3.1.6 Diversity in chromosome numbers, using humans and chimpanzees as an example
Humans have 46 chromosomes and chimpanzees have 48 chromosomes
A3.1.6 Diploid cells have an _____ number of chromosomes
Even
A3.1.7 AOS: Classify chromosomes by banding patterns, length, and centromere position
A3.1.7 AOS: Evaluate the evidence for the hypothesis that chromosome 2 in humans arose from the fusion of chromosomes 12 and 13 with a shared primate ancestor
A3.1.7 NOS: Distinguish between testable hypotheses (e.g. origin of chromosome 2) and non-testable statements
A3.1.8 The genome is all the genetic information of an organism
A3.1.8 Organisms in the same species share most of their genome, but variations such as _____ give some diversity
Single-nucleotide polymorphisms
A3.1.9 Genomes vary in _____, which is determined by the total amount of DNA
Overall size
A3.1.9 Genomes vary in _____
Base sequence
A3.1.9 Genome variation _____ species is much larger than variation _____ a species
Between, within
A3.1.10 AOS: Extract information about genome size for different taxonomic groups from a database to compare genome size to organism complexity
A3.1.11 Advancements in whole genome sequencing
Increasing speed and decreasing costs
A3.1.11 Current uses of whole genome sequencing
Research into evolutionary relationships
A3.1.11 Potential uses of whole genome sequencing
Personalized medicine
A3.1.12 The biological species concept does not work well with groups of organisms that do not breed _____ or where genes can be _____ from one species to another
Sexually, transferred
A3.1.13 _____ between closely related species is unlikely to produce fertile offspring if parent _____ are different
Cross-breeding, chromosome numbers
A3.1.14 AOS: Engage with local plant or animal species to develop a dichotomous key
A3.1.15 Using _____ and _____ allows the biodiversity of habitats to be investigated rapidly
Barcodes, environmental DNA
A3.1 Guiding Q: What is a species?
A3.1 Guiding Q: What patterns are seen in the diversity of genomes within and between species?
A3.1 Linking Q: What might cause a species to persist or go extinct?
A3.1 Linking Q: How do species exemplify both continuous and discontinuous patterns of variation?
