A.4 - Localisation of paresis syndromes

Question 1

what is Plegia?

Answer 1

paralysis
means the complete loss of voluntary movement of a muscle or limb.

Question 2

what is paresis?

Answer 2

muscle power is reduced, but not completely lost
it may be of latent, mild, moderate or
severe degree.

Question 3

what is Hemiplegia/hemiparesis?

Answer 3

unilateral weakness of the limbs

Question 4

what is Monoplegia/monoparesis?

Answer 4

weakness of one limb

Question 5

what is Paraplegia/paraparesis?

Answer 5

weakness of both lower limbs

Question 6

what is Diplegia/diparesis?

Answer 6

weakness of both upper limbs

Question 7

what is Quadriplegia/tetraplegia or quadriparesis/tetraparesis?

Answer 7

weakness of all four limbs

Question 8

what is Alternating hemiparesis?

Answer 8

cranial nerve nuclear (lower motoneuron) lesion on the side of lesion
and contralateral mono- or one of the paresis mentioned below

• a form of hemiplegia that has an ipsilateral cranial nerve palsies and contralateral hemiplegia or hemiparesis of extremities of the body.

Question 9

what does Circumscribed lesion of the motor cortex (Br4) causes?

Answer 9

contralateral flaccid weakness, mainly
affecting distal muscles.

Question 10

what does Lesion of the corona radiata and the internal capsule cause?

Answer 10

contralateral severe spastic hemiparesis with involvement of the lower part of the face and the tongue

Question 11

what does Isolated lesion of:
the corticospinal tract (in the cerebral peduncle)
+
lesion of the pyramid in the medulla

cause?

Answer 11

flaccid weakness, however the joint lesion of all descending tracts leads to spastic hemiparesis.

Question 12

what does Unilateral lesion of the base of the pons cause?

Answer 12

contralateral hemiplegia/paresis, often sparing the face.

Question 13

what does Bilateral lesion of the base of the pons cause?

Answer 13

tetraparesis/plegia

Question 14

what does Unilateral lesion of the cervical spinal cord at the level of C1-4 segments cause?

Answer 14

ipsilateral spastic hemiparesis

Question 15

what does Bilateral lesion of the cervical spinal cord at the level of C1-4 segments cause?

Answer 15

spastic quadriparesis.

Question 16

what does the Lesion of the cervical spinal cord at the level of C5-Th1 segments cuase?

Answer 16

spastic weakness of the lower limbs

flaccid weakness of the upper limbs.

Question 17

what does the Lesion of the thoracic spinal cord cause?

incase of bilateral VS unilateral lesion

Answer 17

spastic paraparesis

(or ipsilateral spastic monoparesis in case of a unilateral lesion).

Question 18

what does Lesions of the lumbosacral spinal cord cause?

Answer 18

flaccid paraparesis

Question 19

what does Lesions of spinal motoneurons and anterior roots cause?

Answer 19

flaccid weakness of segmental distribution (in the corresponding myotomes).

Question 20

what does Lesions of peripheral nerves cause?

Answer 20

s flaccid weakness in the distribution of the given nerve

Question 21

what does Polyneuropathy typically cause?

Answer 21

distal symmetrical flaccid weakness of the limbs, first on the lower limbs.

Question 22

what Myopathy typically cause?

Answer 22

proximal symmetrical flaccid weakness of the limbs, primarily on the lower limbs