A4 INDENTIFYING HAZARDS, ASSESSING & EVALUATIONG RISKS Flashcards
4.1 ACCIDENT/INCIDENT AND ILL HEALTH DATA AND RATES - INCIDENCE, FREQUENCY, SEVERITY, PREVALENCE
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4.1 EXTERNAL INFORMATION SOURCES (HSE, GOVENMENT AGENCIES, EUROPEAN SAFETY AGENCY, INTERNAL LABOUR ORGANISATION- ILO, WORLD HEALTH ORGANISATION -WHO, PROFESSIONAL TRADE BODIES
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4.1 INTERNAL INFORMATION SOURCES, COLLECTION, PROVISION, ANALYSIS AND USE OF DAMAFE, INJURY AND ILL HEALTH DATA, NEAR MISS INFORMATION AND MAINTENANCE RECORDS
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4.1 USES AND LIMITATIONS OF EXTERNAL AND INTERNAL INFORMATION SOURCES
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4.2 HARARD IDENTIFICATION TECHNIQUES
USE OF OBSERVATION, TASK ANALYSIS, CHECKLISTS AND FAILURE TRACING TECHNIQUES SUCH AS HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDIES
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4.2 IMPORTANCE OF EMPLOYEE INPUT
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4.3 ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION OF RISK
KEY STEPS IN A RISK ASSESSMENT PROCESS INCLUDING ENSURING COMPREHENSIVE COVERAGE OF RISKS, IDENTIFYING HAZARDS, PERSONS AT RISK, FACOTRS AFFECTING PROBABILITY AND SEVERITY, RISK EVALUATION AND REQUIRED RISK CONTROL STANDARDS, FORMULATION OF ACTIONS, PRIORITISATION OF ACTIONS AND RECORDING REQUIREMENTS
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MEANING OF SUITABLE AND SUFFICIENT
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DIFFERENCES BETWEEN AND PRINCIPLES OF QUALITATIVE, SEMI-QUANTITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE ASSESSMENTS
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ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS FOR IMPLEMENTING AND MAINTAINING AN EFFECTIVE RISK ASSESSMENT PROGRAMME INCLUDING PROCESIRE, RECORDING PROTOCOLS, TRAINING, COMPETENCE, REPSONSIBILITIES, AUTHORISATION AND FOLLOW UP OF ACTIONS, MONITORING AND REVIEW
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ACCEPTABILITY/TOLERABILITY OF RISK - PRINCIPLES IN HSE’S REDUCING RISK, PROTECTING PEOPLE (R2P2)
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4.4 FAILURE TRACING METHODOLOGIES PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES OF FAILURE TRACING METHODS INT HE ASSESSMENT OF RISK -HAZARD AND OPERABILITY STUDIES -FAULT TREE ANALYSIS -EVENT TREE ANALYSIS
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FAULT TREE ANALYSIS
Purpose: a systematic approach to identify combinations of possible occurrences that could combine to produce an undesirable effect
Design stage
Identify potential causes of failure and select between different design options
Operating phase
Identify how major failures can occur and relative importance of different pathways to top event
Failure analysis
Identify root causes / display diagrammatically how different events came together to cause failure
Methodology
Step 1: Define the boundaries of the study
Step 2: Select the top event
Step 3: Construct the tree
Define sub-events and basic (end) events
Use logic gates (AND / OR) (multiply or add)
Step 4: Quantify the tree
The frequency (f) of the top event is the reciprocal of its probability (P)
If the probability of a top event occurring in a given year is 0.2
its frequency would be 1/0.2 per year or approximately once every 5 years
EVENT TREE ANALYSIS
Purpose: a forward thinking process based on binary logic
an event either
has or has not happened
a component or human intervention
has or has not failed
Event tree begins with an initiating event
E.g. component failure, increase in temperature / pressure, release of a hazardous substance
Consequences of event followed through series of possible paths
Each path assigned a probability of occurrence
Probability of the possible outcomes calculated
Step 1: Identify the initiating event of interest
Step 2: Identify the relevant safety functions
Automatic systems, alarms and operator actions
Step 3: Construct the event tree
Logical progression of event
Two response possibilities considered - success and failure
Success of safety feature prevents further progress
Failure of the safety feature allows progression of event
Step 4: Describe the resulting accident event sequences
Ranking of accident severity
Probabilistic analysis may be used
Identification of further control measures required
