A3 MEASURING & REVIEWING HEALTH & SAFETY PERFORMANCE

Question 1

3.1 PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE EFFECTIVNESS AND APPROPRIATENESS OF HEALTH AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES AND ARRANGEMENTS INCLUDING CONTROL MEASURES

Answer 1

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Question 2

3.1 THE MAKING OF RECOMMENDATIONS FOR REVEIEW OF CURRENT HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

Answer 2

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Question 3

3.2 MONITORING SYSTEMS
THE NEED FOR A RANGE OF BOTH ACTIVE AND REACTIVE MEASURES TO DETERMINE WHERTHER HEALTH AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES HAVE BEEN MET

Answer 3

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Question 4

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF ACTIVE MONITORING - TO CHECK THAT HEALTH AND SAFETY PLANS HAVE BEEN INPLEMENTED AND TO MONITOR THE EXTENT OF COMPLIANCE WITH THE ORGANISATIONS SYSTEMS/PROCEDURES AND LEGISLATIVE/TECHNICAL STANDARDS

Answer 4

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Question 5

3.2 OBJECTIVES OF REACTIVE MONITORING - TO ANALYSE DATA RELATING TO ACCIDENTS, ILL HEALTH AND OTHER LOSS CAUSING EVENTS

Answer 5

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Question 6

3.2 LIMITATION OF PLACING RELIANCE ON ACCIDENT/INCIDENT AND ILL HEALTH DATA

Answer 6

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Question 7

3.2 THE DISTINCTION BETWEEN AND APPLICABILITY OF ACTIVE/REACTIVE, OBJECTIVE/SUBJECTIVE AND QUALITATIVE/QUANTITATIVE PERFORMANCE MEASURES

Answer 7

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Question 8

3.3 MONITORING AND MEASUREMENT TECHNIQUES
THE RANGE OF MEASURE AVAILABLE IN ORDER TO EVALUATE THE HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE OF AN ORGANISATION AND HOW THESE CAN BE UTILISED TO REVIEW THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Answer 8

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Question 9

3.3 ROLE AND PURPOSE OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AUDITS, WORKPLACE INSPECTION, SAFETY TOURS, SAFETY SAMPLING AND SAFETY SURVEYS

Answer 9

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Question 10

3.3 THE KEY ELEMENTS AND FEATURES OF HEALTH AND SAFETY AUDITS, WORKPLACE INSPECTIONS, SAFETY TOURS, SAFETY SAMPLING AND SAFETY SURVEYS

Answer 10

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Question 11

3.3 IN HOUSE PROPRIETARY AUDIT SYSTEMS AND PROCESSES THE USE OF COMPUTER TECHNOLOGY TO ASSIST IN DATA STORAGE AND ANALYSIS AND THE PRODUCTION OF REPORTS

Answer 11

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Question 12

3.3 COPARISON OF PREVIOUS PERFORMANCE DATA WITH THAT OF SIMILAR ORGANSATIONS/INDUSTRY SECTORS WITH NATION PERFORMANCE DATA. USE OF BENCHMARKING

Answer 12

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Question 13

3.4 REVIEWING HEALTH AND SAFETY PERFORMANCE

NEED FOR FORMAL AND INFORMAL REVIEWS OF PERFORMANCE

Answer 13

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Question 14

3.4 PROCESS OF REVIEW

Answer 14

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Question 15

3.4 INPUTS TO A REVIEW PROCESS - INTERNAL PERFORMACE DATA, HEALTH AND SAFETY OBJECTIVES, ORGANISATIONAL ARRANGEMENTS AND CHANGE, EXTERNAL STANDARDS AND EXPECTATIONS

Answer 15

1

Question 16

3.4 OUTPUTS FROM A REVIEW PROCESS - ACTIONS AND IMPROVEMENT PLANS, STAKEHOLDER REPORTS, PERFORMANCE TARGETS

Answer 16

1

Question 17

ACCIDENT INCIDENCE RATE (AIR)

Answer 17

AIR= NUMBER OF ACCIDENTS DURING A SPEICIFIC PERIOD/ AVERAGE NO OF WORKERS DURING THE SAME PERIOD X 1000

Question 18

ACTIVE MONITORING INVOLVES…..

Answer 18

Involves systematic inspection of workplace and existing safety, measures to establish conformance with standards (good performance) and non-conformance (so that remedies can be implemented)
Need to establish what good performance looks like, set standards
Measures progress

Question 19

TYPES OF MONITORING….

Answer 19

Active monitoring - takes place before any event has happened
Reactive monitoring - that takes place in response to, and after, an event

Question 20

REACTIVE MONITORING INVOLVES…….

Answer 20

Using accident, incident and ill-health data to highlight areas of concern
Measures failure

Question 21

PERFORMANCE STANDARDS

Answer 21

Conformance/non-conformance with standards:

• Number & quality of risk assessments
• H&S training to schedule
• Consultative committee meetings to schedule
• Workplace inspections to schedule

Question 22

Systematic inspections

Answer 22

OBSERVATION - Plant - Machinery
 - Vehicles
 -Premises - Workplace
 - Environment
 INTERVIEWING ~ People - Working methods
 - Behaviour
 EXAMINATION ~ Procedures - Safe systems
 - Method statements
 - Permits-to-work

Question 23

Types of active monitoring

Answer 23

Safety inspection - more formal
- Examination of the workplace, statutory inspections, plant and machinery, pre-use checks
Safety sampling - train workers to complete check-lists
- Focus on good practice
- Representative sample to judge compliance
- Less time-consuming
Safety survey
- Detailed examination of one issue/topic
Safety tour
- High-profile inspection by managers

Question 24

Workplace inspections

Answer 24

Factors to consider:

• Type of inspection ~ general, statutory, pre-start
• Frequency of inspection ~ weekly, monthly, etc.
• Allocation of responsibilities ~ to identified employees
• Competence of the inspector ~ training, knowledge and experience
• Use of check-lists ~ ensure everything covered, consistency and written record
• Action planning for problems found ~ action req’d, who’s responsible, priorities and time-scales

Question 25

Reactive monitoring methods

Answer 25

Accidents, incidents, ill-health, other unwanted events and situations:
- highlights areas of concern
- things that have already gone wrong
- measures failure
2 methods:
- lessons learnt from one specific event
- data collected over a period

Question 26

Auditing is defined as……

Answer 26

The systematic, objective, critical evaluation of how well an organisation’s management system is performing by examining evidence

Question 27

Purpose of audit………

Answer 27

Monitor and assess the effectiveness of the H&S mgmt system to ensure that:

• appropriate mgmt arrangements in place
• adequate risk control systems exist, are implemented, and are consistent with the hazard profile of the organisation
• appropriate workplace precautions in place
• critical feedback on the H&S mgmt system is provided so that appropriate follow-up action can be implemented

Question 28

Audit process

Answer 28

Pre-audit preparation
 - agreed timescales
 - scope of the audit
 - area & extent of the audit
 - who will need to be involved
 - gather information form company records and documents
 Audit process
 - Collect information about H&S systems in place
 - Assess effectiveness of systems
 - Interviews
 - Direct observation
 Feedback
 - initial verbal feedback
 - written report, usually recommending improvements with indication of priorities and time-scales

Question 29

Typical information examined in an audit………..

Answer 29

H&S Policy
 Risk assessments#Training records
 Minutes of safety committee meetings
 Maintenance records
 Accident investigation reports
 Emergency arrangements
 Inspection reports

Question 30

Role & function of investigations

Answer 30

Identify immediate root cause
 Identify corrective action to prevent recurrence
 Record the facts of the incident
 For legal reasons
 For claim management
 For staff morale
 For disciplinary purposes
 For data gathering purposes

Question 31

Basic investigation procedures

Answer 31

Step 1: Gather information
- Secure the scene and collect witnesses’ details
- Collect factual information
- Interview witnesses
- Examine appropriate documents
Step 2: Analyse information
- Immediate cause, i.e. the unsafe act or unsafe conditions
- Underlying or root causes, i.e. mgmt system failure, lack of adequate supervision or training, lack of maintenance
Step 3: Identify suitable control measures
- improve safety and skills training
- improve mgmt and supervisory control
- change work practices and implement a positive safety culture
Step4: Plan remedial action
- action plan which identifies priority time-scales and responsible person

Question 32

Recording and reporting incidents

Answer 32

Internal

• organisations should define what should be reported
• workers encouraged to report all relevant incidents

Question 33

Reasons why workers may NOT report incidents

Answer 33

unclear organisational policy

• no reporting system in place
• overly-complicated reporting procedure
• excessive paperwork
• takes too much time
• blame culture
• apathy
• lack of training on policy and procedures

Question 34

Typical contents for accident record form

Answer 34

name and address of casualty

• date and time of accident
• location of accident
• details of injury
• details of treatment given
• description of event causing injury
• details of any equipment or substances involved
• witnesses’ names and contact details
• details of person reporting the record
• signatures

Question 35

The Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 2013 (RIDDOR)

Answer 35

Requires the reporting of certain types of event (reportable events) to the relevant enforcing authority:

• Fatality
• Specified injury (e.g. fracture to limb other than fingers, thumbs and toes; amputation of limb)
• Dangerous occurrence (e.g. collapse, overturn or failure of any load-bearing part of a lift or hoist; complete or partial collapse of any scaffold more than 5m in height)
• Disease (e.g. carpal tunnel syndrome; occupational dermatitis or tendonitis)
• Over-7-day injury

Question 36

Review H&S performance

Answer 36

Essence of review process is to check:

• are we on target?
• if not, why not?
• what do we have to change?

Question 37

Continuous improvement

Answer 37

Senior mgmt - set strategic targets
Middle mgmt - review performance, set targets in their area in line with strategic targets
Junior mgmt - review performance, set local targets in line with strategic targets