Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

BIOLOGY > A2.2 - cell structure and micrographs (3b) > Flashcards

A2.2 - cell structure and micrographs (3b) Flashcards

1
Q

what are prokaryotic cells?

A

bacterial cells
- (Gram positive eubacteria such as Bacillus or Staphylococcus)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what are the components of all prokaryotic cells?

A

cell wall, plasma membrane, cytoplasm, naked DNA, 70S ribosome

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

what are extra 3 components prokaryotic cells may contain?

A

plasmid, flagellum, pili

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

what is the function of the cell wall?

A

made of peptidoglycan, and protects and maintains the shape of the cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

what is the function of the plasma membrane?

A

partially permeable and selective barrier
- lipid bilayer with embedded proteins to enclose cytoplasm, control movement of substances in and out of cells and supporting cell recognition and communication

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

what is the function of the cytoplasm?

A

fluid medium, made of matrix and water where metabolic reactions occur

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

what is the function of the naked DNA?

A

DNA found in a loop called a nucleoid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

what is the function of DNA?

A

stores genetic code (sequence of nucleotides) and allows this to transfer during protein synthesis and cell division

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is a nucleoid?

A

a nucleoid is a region of cytoplasm containing the naked DNA

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what is the function of the 70S ribosome?

A

the site of protein synthesis via translation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what is the function of the plasmids?

A

small loops of DNA that can be transferred, containing one or a few genes that are not essential in normal conditions but which may aid survival in unusual conditions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is the function of the pili?

A

hair-like extensions allowing adherence to surfaces or other bacteria for plasmid DNA transfer

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

what is the function of the flagellum?

A

longer than the pili and involved in the movement of the bacterial cell using a motor protein

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the structures found in mitochondria?

A

crista, matrix, inner membrane, outer membrane, DNA, 70S ribosome, intermembrane space

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

what is the role of the cristae?

A

the cristae are foldings of the inner membrane, which is the site of most ATP production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

what is the role of the matrix?

A

the matrix is found within the inner membrane, containing enzymes for respiration

17
Q

what structures are found in the nucleus?

A

surrounded by a double membrane containing nuclear pores
- contains chromosomes

18
Q

what is the role of chloroplasts?

A

chloroplasts are specialised plastids and the site of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy

19
Q

what is found in the chloroplasts?

A

granum, inner membrane, outer membrane, stroma, 70S ribosome, starch granules, lumen, lamella, thylakoid membrane, DNA

20
Q

what is the role of the granum?

A

granum - stacks of thylakoids to provide a larger surface area

21
Q

what is the role of stroma?

A

stroma - contains enzymes

22
Q

what is the function of the sap vacuole?

A

sap vacuole - a relatively large membrane sac containing water to provide rigidity and sugars to allow storage of nurtrients in plants

23
Q

what is the function of the smooth and rough endoplasmic reticulum?

A

rough endoplasmic reticulum - a network of interconnected membranes, with ribosomes attached to produce proteins from 80S ribosomes
- tends to be found close to the nucleus, and may have connected membranes

smooth endoplasmic reticulum - a network of interconnected membranes without ribosomes attached that produce lipids and hormones

24
Q

what is the function of the golgi apparatus?

A

golgi apparatus - stacks of sacs called cisternae, with vesicles budding off

25
Q

what is the function of the secretory vesicles?

A

secretory vesicles - carry proteins to the plasma membrane and secrete them by exocytosis

26
Q

what is the function of the outer membrane?

A

to compartmentalise the mitochondrial processes from those in the cytoplasm

BIOLOGY (64 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions