A2 - Behaviourist Approach Flashcards
What is secondary reinforcement?
Rewards associated with basic needs.
What is an example of secondary reinforcement?
Money buys food.
What is primary reinforcement?
Rewards fulfil a basic need.
What is an example of primary reinforcement?
Food satisfies.
What is positive reinforcement?
A positive stimulus is added, encouraging the activity or behaviour.
What is negative reinforcement?
A negative consequence or stimulus is removed.
How does positive reinforcement explain smoking?
Nicotine stimulates dopamine, the dopamine produces a calming effect and the feeling is rewarding, making one continue.
How does negative reinforcement explain smoking?
The smoker doesn’t have nicotine so goes through withdrawal, if they smoke a cigarette they will feel at ease.
What’s incentivising behaviour?
Getting rewards or removing negative stimuli to modify behaviour.
What’s a token economy?
It was designed to increase good behaviour and decrease bad behaviour with the use of rewards (tokens)
What were the findings of Higgins (1991)
He found that 22.5% of women who were offered vouchers stopped smoking by 38 weeks compared to the control group, 8.6% stopped.
