A1 The Biosphere Review Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the 3 interacting components that the Earth consists of?

A

-Atmosphere: the gaseous portion of the Earth
-hydrosphere: all of the water on Earth
-lithosphere (geosphere): the solid portion of the earth

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2
Q

Describe the atmosphere

A

-Layer of gasses (air) that surround and protect life on Earth
-pressure allows for liquid to exist
-absorbs ultraviolet solar radiation
-reduces temperature the extremes

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3
Q

What is dry air composed of?

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, and 1% other gases (carbon dioxide, water vapour, etc)

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4
Q

What is the troposphere?

A

-Lowest level of Earth’s atmosphere
-contains nearly all atmospheric water vapour
-most weather takes place here

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5
Q

Describe the biosphere

A

-All areas on Earth that are inhabited by and support life
-Earth is a closed system to matter
-no matter enters or leaves the biosphere
-molecules are used and reused

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6
Q

Describe matter and energy

A

-Matter cycles and energy flows
-all life requires matter and energy
-earth is a closed system to matter
-no matter enters or leaves the biosphere
-molecules are used and reused

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7
Q

What is an organisms environment?

A

-Includes all the things that affect the organism and all the things the organism effects

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8
Q

What is biotic and abiotic?

A

-Biotic are the living components of the environment (predators, plants)
-abiotic are the non living components of the environment (sunlight, water, air)

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9
Q

What is a species?

A

-Organisms that are able to breed and produce viable offspring (offspring that can reproduce)

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10
Q

What is taxonomy?

A

-The practise of classifying living things

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11
Q

How is life organized?

A

Domain (3) - Dear
Kingdom - King
Phylum - Philip
Class - Comes
Order - Over
Family - For
Genus - Good
Species - Spaghetti

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12
Q

What are the 3 domains of life based on?

A

-The cellular composition of organisms

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13
Q

What are the domains of life?

A
  1. Bacteria
  2. Archaea
  3. Eukarya
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14
Q

Describe bacteria

A

-One of the 3 domains of life
-prokaryotic (lack a membrane bound nucleus)
-unicellular organisms, reproduce asexually, move by flagella

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15
Q

Describe archaea

A

-One of the 3 domains of life
-prokaryotic (lack a membrane bound nucleus)
-unicellular, produce asexually, distinctive plasma membrane and cell wall chemistry

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16
Q

Describe eukarya

A

-One of the 3 domains of life
-eukaryotic (have a membrane bound nucleus)
-unicellular or multicellular, sexual reproduction, each kingdom has specialization

17
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms partially based on?

A

-Their mode of nutrition

18
Q

What are the 6 kingdoms?

A

-Kingdom plantae: organisms that photosynthesize
-kingdom aramalia: ingest their food (eat)
-kingdom fungi: secret digestive enzymes and then absorb the molecules
-kingdom protista: vary

19
Q

What is a dicthotomus key?

A

-Identification keys which use identifiable characteristics to identify organisms
-each step gives 2 choices (e.g red or not red)

20
Q

What is binomial namenclature?

A

-Way to show names of organisms based on their classification systems
-uses genus (capital) and species (lowercase)
-in Latin and italicized

21
Q

What is a population?

A

-Individuals of the same species living in a specific location at the same time
-e.g Canada are the same species but different populations

22
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

-Differences that allow some members of a population to be better adapted to their environment

23
Q

What is structural adaptation?

A

-Physical features of an organism

24
Q

What is physiological adaptation?

A

-Internal responses to external stimuli (to maintain homeostasis)

25
Q

What is behavioural adaptation?

A

-Activities that an organism does to survive the environment
-in animals controlled by nerves and hormones and in plants controlled by hormones or enzymes
-plants and animals respond to stimuli

26
Q

What are the 3 categories of adaptations?

A
  1. Structural adaptation
  2. Physiological adaptation
  3. Behavioural adaptation
27
Q

What is tropism?

A

-Used to describe the orientation of plants according to some stimulus

28
Q

What are communities?

A

-Consists of all the individuals in all of the interacting populations in a given area

29
Q

What is an ecosystem?

A

-A community of populations, together with the abiotic factors that surround and affect it
-includes all biotic and abiotic parts of the environment

30
Q

What are the 2 types of competition?

A

-Intraspecific competition: competition between members of the same species
-interspecific competition: competing between members of different species

31
Q

What is climate?

A

-The average weather conditions in a particular region over at least a 30 year period

32
Q

How is climate determined?

A

-By temperature and precipitation resulting from the unequal heating of the earth, and other local factors (e.g. geography, snow cover, large bodies of water, etc)

33
Q

What are biomes?

A

-A large ecosystem or group of ecosystems
-particular mixture of plants, animals and climate
-distribution is affected primarily by climate