A02 methodological issues Flashcards
What are the 2 sections for the eval
Ganzfeld studies of esp
Psychokinesis
What are the 3 sections on ganzfeld
Researcher bias
Improving control
Conflicting findings continue
Talk about researcher bias eval
Could be argues that reason for positive results from non sceptics could be due to the fact that jealous phenomena only appear when in the presence of a non sceptic
Who tested researcher bias in ganzfeld and what did they say
Hyman
Although significant effect has been found there’s no adequate explanation which renders the findings meaningless cz many believers lack the ability to give a theory or explain
Talk a about improving control
Autoganzfeld is a new technique used to improve control of ganzfeld studies
It uses a computer to select and display the targets removing bias Cz experimenter is blind as to which target was selected so they can’t influence target
The recieved is also placed in a soundproof room which deals with the major objections
Talk about conflicting findings continue intro
Despite like a nice more control used. Conflicting Findings were still occurring
Who tested conflicting findings continue
Honorton
Wiseman and Milton
Bem et al
What did honorton do and find
Still found positive results (34% of autoganzfeld syudies found statistically significant effects
What did sceptics Wiseman and Milton finds and do
Didn’t find what honorton found when they reviewed over 30 autoganzfeld studies no sig result
What did bem et al do and find
Criticised the review of Wiseman and Milton cz it included syudies that didn’t follow the ganzfeld protocol
When these studies were removed a significant result was obtained.
Conclusion for conflicting studies continue
Show the methodological issues with the esp research
What are the 4 sections for the eval of pk
Lack of control
Number of investigators
File drawer effect
Effect size
Who tested lack of control on pk
Radin and Nelson
Bosch et al
What did radin and Nelson do and find on terms of lack of control in pk
Metanalusis Assessed methodological quality of each study and correlated it with the outcomes. Fund no sig rel
What did Bosch et al do and find
A neutral researcher
Also supported melons a and radins findings
Looked at highest quality studies. Found no significant effects. Same findings from non believers
Conclusion for lack of control on pk
Suggests quality of control/study isn’t a factor in obtaining significant effects
Who tested on # of investigators
Radin and Nelson
What did radin and Nelson do and find in terms of # of investigators in pk
Meta analysis suggests that small # of investigators isnt linked to positive findings
The overall significant effect can be attributed to a small group of investigators gaining significant results
Intro for # of investigators affecting research on pk
Some believe it may be due to small # of investigators
Conclusion for # of investigators
Significant effects are not due to investigator numbers or file drawer effect
Talk about the into for the film drawer effect
Positive pk results were attributed to selective reporting
Who tested the file drawer effect
Nelson and radin
What did Nelson and radin say about the file drawer effect
The avergae number of unreported studied per investigator was just 1
Conclusion for file drawer effect
The file drawer effect is unlikely to explain the positive findings
Who studied effect size
Bierman
What did bierman do and find
Steady decline in effect size over the years. Suggesting phenomena aren’t real. This is reinforced cz if the fact that studied are becoming more accurate over the years.
