A&P part 6

Question 1

Posterior gland stores 2 hormones made by neurosecretory cells of hypothalamus

Answer 1

• oxytocin (OT)
• antideuretic hormone(ADH)

Question 2

Oxytocin is released

Answer 2

In response to stretch placed on cervix during childbirth

Question 3

Oxytocin affects

Answer 3

• Mother’s uterus- enhances contractions
• Mother’s breasts- stimulates milk ejection by the mammary glands in response to suckling

Question 4

What affects the amount of ADH secreted?

Answer 4

• blood osmotic pressure

Question 5

ADH decreases urine output as part of what feedback loop?

Answer 5

Negative feedback loop where osmoteceptors in the hypothalamus monitor blood osmotic pressure

Question 6

Increasing blood volume causes

Answer 6

• a decrease in ADH secretion

Question 7

An decrease in blood volume causes

Answer 7

An increase in ADH secretion

Question 8

Where is the thyroid gland loacted

Answer 8

• It is a butterfly shaped gland located inferior to the larynx and anterior to the trachea

Question 9

Describe how the thyroid gland looks like

Answer 9

• it has right and left lateral lobes

Question 10

Follicular cells

Answer 10

Stimulated by TSH to produce T3 and T4

Question 11

Parafollicular cells

Answer 11

Produces calciton to help regulate calcium homeostasis

Question 12

Function of Thyroid hormones

Answer 12

Increase basal metabolic rate (BMR)
- helps maintain normal body temp
-stimulates protein synthesis
-increase use of glucose and fatty acids for ATP production
-unregulates beta receptors that attach to catcholamines
-work with hGH abd insulate to accelerate body growth

Question 13

TRH and TSH from the anterior Pituitary stimulate

Answer 13

Synthesis and release of thyroid hormones in a 5 step process

Question 14

Calcitonin

Answer 14

Lowers blood CA, inhibiting bone resorption by osteoclasts

Question 15

Parathyroid glands contains 2 types of cells (chief and oxyphil)

Answer 15

Chief (principal cells)- produce PTH
Oxyphil- function not known in normal parathyroid glands, secretes excess PTH in cases of parathyroid cancer

Question 16

Calcitonin

Answer 16

Produced by the thyroid glands works in conjunction with PTH and calcitriol to regulate calcium homeostasis

Question 17

PTH

Answer 17

Increases blood calcium

Question 18

Where are Suprarenal glands located?

Answer 18

Atop the kidneys

Question 19

Glands are divided in 2 region cortex and medulla

Answer 19

-outer(cortex)
-inner(medulla)

Question 20

What are the 3 regions of the cortex?

Answer 20

1. Zona glomerulosa
2. Zona fasciculata
3. Zona reticularis