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H.O.E. > A&P Notecards > Flashcards

A&P Notecards Flashcards

0
Q

What is simple squamos tissue

A

One layer, flat cells

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1
Q

What is simple cuboidal tissue

A

Cube shaped, single layer

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2
Q

What is simple columnar tissue

A

Column shaped, one layer

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3
Q

Where is simple cuboidal tissue

A

Digestive and duct

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4
Q

Where is simple squamos tissue

A

Lines the membrane, slick so things can move across

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5
Q

Function of collagen

A

Tensile strength

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6
Q

Function of elastic tissue

A

Stretch

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7
Q

Function of Reticular Tissue

A

Gives support

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8
Q

Function of Muscular Tissue

A

Movement

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9
Q

What are the components of connective tissue

A

ground substance, fibers, cells

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10
Q

Tissue damage causes what

A

inflammation

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11
Q

Types of Skeletal Cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

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12
Q

What is the most abundant cartilage

A

hyaline

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13
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

osteom or haverisans system

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14
Q

What is the bone tissue that withstands tension

A

Compact bone

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15
Q

Types of Bone Tissue

A

Compact and Spongy

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16
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Unlike the others, it is from genetics; cannot protect itself

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17
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

General wear and tear on bones

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18
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A

Uric acid build up

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19
Q

What do cranial bones develop from

A

Within fibrous connective tissue membrane

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20
Q

Epiphyseal plate vs epiphyseal line

A

line forms after plate closes

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21
Q

What is the hormone that influences bone development

A

Growth hormone

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22
Q

What is the prolactin hormone

A

produces breast milk

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23
Q

What is the thyroid hormone

A

controls BMR

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24
Q

What are the parts in the synovial joints

A

Articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid

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25
Q

Where the is the bursae

A

Between joints; acts as a cushion to decrease friction

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26
Q

Where is the tendon sheath

A

around tend, not inside joints, reduces friction

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27
Q

What is the function of synovial fluid

A

Lubricates the joints

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28
Q

Function of articular cartilage

A

prevents friction

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29
Q

Where is articular cartilage located

A

located at the end of the bones

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30
Q

What are the functions of the skeletal system

A

Protects, supports, and is mineral storage

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31
Q

What is the location osteocytes

A

Lacunae

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32
Q

What are osteocytes

A

Mature bone cells

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33
Q

What are osteoblasts

A

They make up the bone matrix

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34
Q

What are the osteoclasts

A

They tear down the bone matrix

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35
Q

What are chondrocytes

A

The produce the cartilage

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36
Q

What are the bursae

A

Sac-like structures

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37
Q

What is the meniscus

A

Fibrocartilage discs

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38
Q

What are ligaments

A

bone to muscle or bone to bone

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39
Q

What are ligaments made of

A

Fibrous tissues and collagen

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40
Q

What are tendons

A

Attach muscle to bone

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41
Q

What are tendons made of

A

STRONG fibrous connective tissue

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42
Q

What the the flagellum

A

Whip-like motion, hair like

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43
Q

What is the smallest cell

A

Sperm cell

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44
Q

Where are the flagellum

A

only move the sperm

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45
Q

What is in the thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, pleural membrane, and great vessels

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46
Q

What is in the cranium cavity

A

Brain

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47
Q

What is in the dorsal cavity

A

Spinal cord and brain

Subdivided into the cranial and vertebral cavity

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48
Q

What is in the ventral cavity

A

Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are all a part of this cavity

49
Q

What is negative feedback

A

Tries to return the body to homeostasis

Stops the change

50
Q

What is positive feedback

A

Builds up what is going wrong in the body; the snowball effect

51
Q

Examples of positive feedback

A

Contractions when having a baby

Blood clots

52
Q

What is survival needs

A

Need the minimum to survive

The goal of life is to survive

53
Q

What happens when homeostasis isn’t balanced

A

Becomes sick

54
Q

Simple to Complex in the human body

A

organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

55
Q

What are the strongest bonds in the body

56
Q

What are the weakest bonds in the body

57
Q

What does it mean to synthesize

A

The production or making of something

58
Q

What is the longest chain of Sugar

A

Polysaccharide

59
Q

What is the most abundant element in the body

A

Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen

Makes up 96% of the body

60
Q

What is the most abundant substance in the human body

61
Q

What is another name for table sugar

A

Sucrose which is also called disaccharide

62
Q

What is an ionic compound

A

Opposite charges attract; from electrical currents; creates electrolytes or salts

63
Q

pH Scale is used to measure what

A

the acidity or basicity of a substance

64
Q

The pH Scale Range

A

0-6 Acid
7 Neutral
8-14 Basic

65
Q

What is an ion

A

Positive or negative charged substance

66
Q

What is the common positive ion outside of a cell

67
Q

What is a solution

A

Dissolved in a liquid

68
Q

What is a suspension

A

Sinks in a liquid; blood is an example

69
Q

What is a colloidal solution

A

Can’t see through it; example is plasma

70
Q

What is cytosol

A

fluid found in a cell; solution is a colloidal solution

71
Q

What is diffusion

A

Movement across a membrane from high to low concentrations; no energy needed; goes with the gradient

72
Q

What is osmosis

A

Diffusion of water; example is the kidney cells

73
Q

What is active transport

A

Energy needed when against the gradient

74
Q

Cell Junction Type 1

A

Tight Junctions; keeps things in or out

75
Q

Cell Junction Type 2:

A

Desmosis? anchors things; give and take

76
Q

Cell Junction Type 3

A

Gap junctions; communication junction; electrical something

77
Q

Miosis

A

Divides half of the chromosomes

78
Q

Mitosis

A

Copies DNA to get 2 identical daughter cells

79
Q

What is the make up of plasma membrane

A

it has 2 layers; contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids

80
Q

What is a fixator

A

It is the stabelizer

81
Q

What is a synergistic

A

Works with another muscle

82
Q

What is an antagonist

A

Works against another muscle

83
Q

What is an agonist

A

Also called prime mover; it has a specific movement

84
Q

What is Perimysium

A

Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle

85
Q

What is endomyosin

A

Covers each muscle fiber

86
Q

What is epimyosin

A

Covers entire muscle fiber

87
Q

What is the membrane of muscle fibers

A

Sarcolemma

88
Q

What is a myofibril

A

Muscle fiber; made of actin and myosin

89
Q

What is the functional unit of muscle fibers

90
Q

What are the thin filaments

91
Q

What are the thick filaments

92
Q

What is the common waste product in the human body

A

Lactic acid

93
Q

What happens when stretch muscle too far

A

Tears, loses all tension

94
Q

What is the cause of motion sickness

A

Starts in the inner ear

95
Q

What are afferent nerves

A

Sent from receptors to the brain and spinal cord

96
Q

What are efferent nerves

A

Sent from brain and spinal cords to the receptor

97
Q

What are tracts

A

Ascending Tracts are sensory
Deliver to the brain
Descending Tracts are motor
Deliver to the periphery

98
Q

What are ganglia

A

Nerve tissue outside of the CNS

99
Q

What is phagocytosis

A

Engulfs the bad cells; white blood cells in the body

100
Q

What is a graded potential

A

short lived; gets smaller as it goes

101
Q

What is an action potential

A

Occurs in the axons; transmission of impulses

102
Q

What is the gyri

A

Ridge on the cerebral cortex

103
Q

What is the Sheath of Schwann called

A

Neurolemma

104
Q

What does the hypothalamus control

A

body temperature, thirst, hunger

105
Q

What are peroxisomes

A

inside cytoplasma and contains catalase enzymes

106
Q

What are motor nerves

A

carries impulses to the muscles

107
Q

What are the functions of the cerebellum

A

Cognitive functions, motor learning, posture

108
Q

What are nociceptors

A

Pain and deep pressure

109
Q

What are ecriceptors

A

pain, pressure, and temperature

110
Q

What is the function of the prefrontal cortex

A

Problem solving, emotion, complex thought

111
Q

Order of light passing through the eye

A

Cornea, Aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor

112
Q

What is the somatic nervous systems roles

A

Stimulates muscle contraction

113
Q

What are the functions of the autonomic nervous system

A

Controls heart rate, blood pressure, stuff we dont think about

114
Q

What is the role of the hypoglossal nerve

A

Tongue movement

115
Q

What is the role of the dendrite

A

Carries the impulse to the cell body

116
Q

What is the role of the myelin sheath

A

Protection of nerve fiber, insulation, rate of neuron conduction

117
Q

What is found in the cerebral cortex

A

Gray matter-covers the cerebellum

118
Q

What is the definition of nissil bodies

A

Rough ER in neurons-hurts brachial plexus

119
Q

What is the lateral sulcus

A

Divides parietal and frontal lobes

120
Q

What is found in the Volkmann’s canal

A

lie perpendicular; contain blood vessels to muscles; communicates with Haversians canal

H.O.E. (8 decks)

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