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A&P Notecards Flashcards

(121 cards)

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0
Q

What is simple squamos tissue

A

One layer, flat cells

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1
Q

What is simple cuboidal tissue

A

Cube shaped, single layer

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2
Q

What is simple columnar tissue

A

Column shaped, one layer

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3
Q

Where is simple cuboidal tissue

A

Digestive and duct

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4
Q

Where is simple squamos tissue

A

Lines the membrane, slick so things can move across

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5
Q

Function of collagen

A

Tensile strength

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6
Q

Function of elastic tissue

A

Stretch

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7
Q

Function of Reticular Tissue

A

Gives support

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8
Q

Function of Muscular Tissue

A

Movement

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9
Q

What are the components of connective tissue

A

ground substance, fibers, cells

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10
Q

Tissue damage causes what

A

inflammation

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11
Q

Types of Skeletal Cartilage

A

Hyaline, fibrocartilage, and elastic

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12
Q

What is the most abundant cartilage

A

hyaline

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13
Q

Structural unit of compact bone

A

osteom or haverisans system

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14
Q

What is the bone tissue that withstands tension

A

Compact bone

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15
Q

Types of Bone Tissue

A

Compact and Spongy

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16
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

Unlike the others, it is from genetics; cannot protect itself

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17
Q

Osteoarthritis (OA)

A

General wear and tear on bones

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18
Q

Gouty Arthritis

A

Uric acid build up

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19
Q

What do cranial bones develop from

A

Within fibrous connective tissue membrane

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20
Q

Epiphyseal plate vs epiphyseal line

A

line forms after plate closes

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21
Q

What is the hormone that influences bone development

A

Growth hormone

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22
Q

What is the prolactin hormone

A

produces breast milk

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23
Q

What is the thyroid hormone

A

controls BMR

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24
What are the parts in the synovial joints
Articular cartilage, articular capsule, synovial membrane, synovial fluid
25
Where the is the bursae
Between joints; acts as a cushion to decrease friction
26
Where is the tendon sheath
around tend, not inside joints, reduces friction
27
What is the function of synovial fluid
Lubricates the joints
28
Function of articular cartilage
prevents friction
29
Where is articular cartilage located
located at the end of the bones
30
What are the functions of the skeletal system
Protects, supports, and is mineral storage
31
What is the location osteocytes
Lacunae
32
What are osteocytes
Mature bone cells
33
What are osteoblasts
They make up the bone matrix
34
What are the osteoclasts
They tear down the bone matrix
35
What are chondrocytes
The produce the cartilage
36
What are the bursae
Sac-like structures
37
What is the meniscus
Fibrocartilage discs
38
What are ligaments
bone to muscle or bone to bone
39
What are ligaments made of
Fibrous tissues and collagen
40
What are tendons
Attach muscle to bone
41
What are tendons made of
STRONG fibrous connective tissue
42
What the the flagellum
Whip-like motion, hair like
43
What is the smallest cell
Sperm cell
44
Where are the flagellum
only move the sperm
45
What is in the thoracic cavity
heart, lungs, pleural membrane, and great vessels
46
What is in the cranium cavity
Brain
47
What is in the dorsal cavity
Spinal cord and brain | Subdivided into the cranial and vertebral cavity
48
What is in the ventral cavity
Thoracic, abdominal, and pelvic cavities are all a part of this cavity
49
What is negative feedback
Tries to return the body to homeostasis | Stops the change
50
What is positive feedback
Builds up what is going wrong in the body; the snowball effect
51
Examples of positive feedback
Contractions when having a baby | Blood clots
52
What is survival needs
Need the minimum to survive | The goal of life is to survive
53
What happens when homeostasis isn't balanced
Becomes sick
54
Simple to Complex in the human body
organelles, cells, tissue, organ, organ system, organism
55
What are the strongest bonds in the body
Covalent
56
What are the weakest bonds in the body
Hydrogen
57
What does it mean to synthesize
The production or making of something
58
What is the longest chain of Sugar
Polysaccharide
59
What is the most abundant element in the body
Carbon, oxygen, nitrogen, and hydrogen | Makes up 96% of the body
60
What is the most abundant substance in the human body
Water
61
What is another name for table sugar
Sucrose which is also called disaccharide
62
What is an ionic compound
Opposite charges attract; from electrical currents; creates electrolytes or salts
63
pH Scale is used to measure what
the acidity or basicity of a substance
64
The pH Scale Range
0-6 Acid 7 Neutral 8-14 Basic
65
What is an ion
Positive or negative charged substance
66
What is the common positive ion outside of a cell
Sodium
67
What is a solution
Dissolved in a liquid
68
What is a suspension
Sinks in a liquid; blood is an example
69
What is a colloidal solution
Can't see through it; example is plasma
70
What is cytosol
fluid found in a cell; solution is a colloidal solution
71
What is diffusion
Movement across a membrane from high to low concentrations; no energy needed; goes with the gradient
72
What is osmosis
Diffusion of water; example is the kidney cells
73
What is active transport
Energy needed when against the gradient
74
Cell Junction Type 1
Tight Junctions; keeps things in or out
75
Cell Junction Type 2:
Desmosis? anchors things; give and take
76
Cell Junction Type 3
Gap junctions; communication junction; electrical something
77
Miosis
Divides half of the chromosomes
78
Mitosis
Copies DNA to get 2 identical daughter cells
79
What is the make up of plasma membrane
it has 2 layers; contains proteins, lipids, carbohydrates, and phospholipids
80
What is a fixator
It is the stabelizer
81
What is a synergistic
Works with another muscle
82
What is an antagonist
Works against another muscle
83
What is an agonist
Also called prime mover; it has a specific movement
84
What is Perimysium
Connective tissue surrounding a fascicle
85
What is endomyosin
Covers each muscle fiber
86
What is epimyosin
Covers entire muscle fiber
87
What is the membrane of muscle fibers
Sarcolemma
88
What is a myofibril
Muscle fiber; made of actin and myosin
89
What is the functional unit of muscle fibers
Sacromere
90
What are the thin filaments
Actin
91
What are the thick filaments
Myosin
92
What is the common waste product in the human body
Lactic acid
93
What happens when stretch muscle too far
Tears, loses all tension
94
What is the cause of motion sickness
Starts in the inner ear
95
What are afferent nerves
Sent from receptors to the brain and spinal cord
96
What are efferent nerves
Sent from brain and spinal cords to the receptor
97
What are tracts
Ascending Tracts are sensory Deliver to the brain Descending Tracts are motor Deliver to the periphery
98
What are ganglia
Nerve tissue outside of the CNS
99
What is phagocytosis
Engulfs the bad cells; white blood cells in the body
100
What is a graded potential
short lived; gets smaller as it goes
101
What is an action potential
Occurs in the axons; transmission of impulses
102
What is the gyri
Ridge on the cerebral cortex
103
What is the Sheath of Schwann called
Neurolemma
104
What does the hypothalamus control
body temperature, thirst, hunger
105
What are peroxisomes
inside cytoplasma and contains catalase enzymes
106
What are motor nerves
carries impulses to the muscles
107
What are the functions of the cerebellum
Cognitive functions, motor learning, posture
108
What are nociceptors
Pain and deep pressure
109
What are ecriceptors
pain, pressure, and temperature
110
What is the function of the prefrontal cortex
Problem solving, emotion, complex thought
111
Order of light passing through the eye
Cornea, Aqueous humor, lens, vitreous humor
112
What is the somatic nervous systems roles
Stimulates muscle contraction
113
What are the functions of the autonomic nervous system
Controls heart rate, blood pressure, stuff we dont think about
114
What is the role of the hypoglossal nerve
Tongue movement
115
What is the role of the dendrite
Carries the impulse to the cell body
116
What is the role of the myelin sheath
Protection of nerve fiber, insulation, rate of neuron conduction
117
What is found in the cerebral cortex
Gray matter-covers the cerebellum
118
What is the definition of nissil bodies
Rough ER in neurons-hurts brachial plexus
119
What is the lateral sulcus
Divides parietal and frontal lobes
120
What is found in the Volkmann's canal
lie perpendicular; contain blood vessels to muscles; communicates with Haversians canal

H.O.E. (8 decks)

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