Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AS Physical Education > A&P Cardiovascular System > Flashcards

A&P Cardiovascular System Flashcards

1
Q

Define blood pressure

A

The force exerted by the blood against the artery walls, average value 120/80mmHg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Volume of blood ejected from the left ventricle per minute

A

Cardiac output (Q)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What does the CCC do?

A

Controls the cardiac cycle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

List 3 benefits of a cool down

A

Increases venous return
Gradually reduces HR
Prevents blood pooling
Reduces muscular stiffness and soreness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

This is the largest cause of death in the western world, caused by a combination of poor diet, high blood pressure and inactivity

A

Coronary heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is diastole?

A

When the heart relaxes, the atria fill with blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Explain what happens during a heart attack?

A

A total blockage of a coronary artery, known as a myocardial infarction, which is a consequence of CHD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is hypertension?

A

Long term high blood pressure which accelerates arteriosclerosis, increasing strain on the heart. 140/90

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

List 3 of the venous return mechanisms

A

Gravity
Pocket valves
Muscle pump
Respiratory pump

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

List the path of an impulse through the heart

A

SA node-> AV node (atria contract)-> bundle if His-> left/right bundle branches -> Purkinje fibres (ventricles contract)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is Starling’s Law?

A

Stroke volume is dependent on venous return. An increase in venous return causes an increase in stroke volume.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is the main function of the vasomotor control centre (VCC)?

A

Controls the vascular shunt- where blood is moved around the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is happening during ventricular systole?

A

The ventricles are contracting, squeezing blood to the lungs and the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Contraction of the atria is called ______________

A

Atrial systole

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where is the cardiac impulse generated?

A

The Sino-atrial (SA) node

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What does the Atrio-ventricular (AV) node do, and why?

A

Delays the cardiac impulse which allows the atria to finish contracting before the ventricles begin.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is venous return?

A

The return of deoxygenated blood to the heart

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

This condition could lead to blood clots

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Define arteriosclerosis

A

Loss of elasticity in the blood vessel walls which reduces their ability to regulate blood pressure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

This is a general term for all diseases relating to the coronary blood vessels and heart muscle

A

Coronary heart disease

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is angina?

A

A partial blockage of a coronary artery causing chest pain

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is the most common cause of CHD involving a narrowing of the arteries caused by a build up of fatty deposits

A

Atherosclerosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

This stimulates the SA node to increase heart rate (HR) and stroke volume (SV)

A

Accelerator nerve

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Blood vessel which transports oxygenated blood away from the heart to the
tissues

A

Arteries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is atrial diastole?

A

Relaxation of the atria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What is atrial systole?

A

Contraction of the atria which forces remaining blood into the ventricles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define viscosity

A

The resistance to blood flow, how thick, or sticky it is

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Define bradycardia

A

A resting heart rate below 60bpm

29
Q

Describe the cardiac cycle

A

Events of one heart beat. The atria contract together and force blood into the ventricles (diastole) which then contract (systole) and force blood out of the heart to be pumped around the body

30
Q

This is an increase in the size of the heart muscle

A

Cardiac hypertrophy

31
Q

What is cholesterol?

A

Blood lipids that can be deposited on arterial walls leading to atherosclerosis

32
Q

This is blood flow to and around the cardiac muscle

A

Coronary circulation

33
Q

What is EDV?

A

End diastolic volume- the amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after diastole (relaxation)

34
Q

What is ESV?

A

End systolic volume- the amount of blood remaining in the ventricles after systole (contraction)

35
Q

These are ‘Scavengers’ which remove cholesterol from the arterial walls

A

HDL’s (High density lipoproteins)

36
Q

What does intrinsic control mean in terms of heart rate regulation?

A

Internal factors of temperature and venous return that affect HR control

37
Q

What do LDLs (low density lipoproteins) do?

A

These deposit harmful blood lipids/cholesterol on the arterial walls

38
Q

Describe the neural control structures of the CCC

A

Sensory receptors that provide the cardiac control centre with information:
proprioceptors= motor activity/movement,
chemoreceptors=chemical changes,
baroreceptors= pressure changes

39
Q

What is OBLA?

A

Onset of blood lactate accumulation. The point at which production of lactic acid exceeds its removal which causes muscle fatigue

40
Q

This system initiated by the cardiac control centre decreases heart rate via the Vagus nerve-

A

Parasympathetic nervous sytem

41
Q

What is the sympathetic nervous system?

A

System initiated by the cardiac control centre to increase heart rate, via the accelerator nerve

42
Q

The redistribution of cardiac output between the organs and muscles from rest to exercise is called

A

Vascular shunt

43
Q

What is the WHO?

A

The World Health Organisation recommend how to achieve a balance active healthy lifestyle

44
Q

What does BAHL stand for?

A

Balanced active, healthy lifestyle consisting of regular activity and a healthy diet

45
Q

Describe the journey of a RBC from the left atrium around the body

A

Left atrium -> left ventricle -> aorta -> (arteries-> arterioles -> capillaries) -> tissues (gas exchange) -> (capillaries -> venules -> veins) -> vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> (pulmonary artery-> capillaries) -> lungs (gas exchange) -> (capillaries -> pulmonary vein) -> left atrium

46
Q

Maximum heart rate is calculated by ______

A

HRmax= 220-age

47
Q

At rest:
Average stroke volume is ___ml per beat
Average EDV is ____ml per beat
Average ESV is ____ml per beat

A 
SV= 70ml per beat
EDV= 130ml per beat
ESV= 60ml per beat
48
Q

Average Cardiac output (Q) at rest is

A

5 litres/min

49
Q

Average resting heart rate is

A

72bpm

50
Q

The anticipatory rise which increases heart rate prior to exercise is caused by the release of

A

adrenaline

51
Q

During exercise, stroke volume can increase from a resting value of 70ml per beat to a value of _____

A

between 120-140ml per heartbeat

52
Q

During exercise, cardiac output (Q) can rise from a resting value of 5 l/min to _____

A

between 20-40 l/min

53
Q

Cardiac output= ________ x ________

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

54
Q

When intensity of exercise reaches _____ stroke volume plateaus, and any further increase in cardiac output must result in an increase in _________

A

40-60%

Heart rate

55
Q

The space in the middle of a blood vessel is called the

A

lumen

56
Q

What is blood pooling?

A

When there is insufficient venous return and blood gathers in the tissues, causing swelling

57
Q

During exercise what % of blood is shunted to the muscles?

A

80%

58
Q

Name 2 ways that blood shunting around the body takes place.

A

vasodilation and vasoconstriction (controlled by the vasomotor tone)
precapillary sphincters

59
Q

The CCC is controlled by the _________ Nervous System, which determines the rate at which the SA node sends out impulses.

A

Autonomic

60
Q

Name the 4 parts of the blood

A

Erythrocytes
Leukocytes
Platelets
Plasma

61
Q

Dissociation means

A

To release or get rid of

62
Q

True or false:

97% of O2 transported in the blood is carried by haemoglobin (Hb), packed with RBC’s.

A

True

63
Q

Name 3 ways that efficient transport of O2 and CO2 help the performer?

A

Prolongs the duration of aerobic activity (and anaerobic to a smaller extent)
Delays anaerobic threshold which,
Increases possible intensity/work rate for the activity
Speeds up recovery during & after exercise

64
Q

Systolic blood pressure can raise up to a maximum of _____mmHg during exercise

A

250

65
Q

What happens to blood pressure during heavy weight lifting?

A

Lifting heavy weights or isometric work = sustained muscle contractions = blocked blood vessels = restricted blood flow = increases vascular resistance

66
Q

How can exercise help to improve blood pressure over time?

A

Systolic= Decreases blood pressure temporarily below pre-exercise levels for up to 12 hours.
Diastolic= Remains low for hours afterwards
Exercise can lower BP on a daily basis

67
Q

Give 2 ways that a healthy active lifestyle can impact blood pressure

A

Prevents high BP indirectly by reducing the risk of obesity
Exercise also been strongly linked with stress reduction = keep blood pressure at moderate levels
Endurance training can reduce the risk of developing high BP.

68
Q

How does the heart adapt to regular strenuous training?

A

HYPERTROPHY (increased heart muscle size) = decreases resting HR by increasing SV to maintain same CO (q) at rest.
A healthy/more efficient heart (bradycardia) is under less stress at rest & over a lifetime = slows down hearts deterioration may improve individuals quality of life.

AS Physical Education (10 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions