Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

HOE > A&P 101 Sem. 2 Final > Flashcards

A&P 101 Sem. 2 Final Flashcards

1
Q

causes of conduction deafness

A

malformation of outer ear, fluid in middle ear, buildup of earwax

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

causes of motion sickness

A

stimulation of semicircular canals during motion

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Characteristics of light and vision

A

pupil dilates with less light, constricts with more, rods help with night/low light vision, cones with color distinction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

Characteristics of articular cartilage

A

hyaline cartilage that covers the ends of long bones, protects, prevents friction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

elastic cartilage

A

similar to hyaline, found in external ear and epiglottis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

fibrocartilage

A

highly compressed with great tensile strength
contains collagen fibers
found in menisci of the knee and in intervertebral discs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

homeostatic imbalance

A

illness

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

hyaline cartilage

A 
support, flexibility, resilience
most abundant of skeletal cartilages
articular- covers ends of long bones
costal- connects the ribs to the sternum
respiratory- makes up larynx, reinforces air passages
nasal- supports the nose
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

characteristics of odorants

A

bind to transmembrane odorant receptors of olfactory hair membranes, binds G proteins

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

characteristics of various muscle cells

A

r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

action potential

A

electrical impulses carried along the length of axons, always the same regardless of stimulus
the underlying functional

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

afferent nerves

A

sensory nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

conjunctiva

A

thin, transparent mucous membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

desmosomes

A

junction between cells..???????????

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

disaccharide

A

common table sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

efferent nerves

A

motor nerves

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

endomysium

A

surrounds a group of muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

epimysium

A

covers an entire muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

excitatory potential

A

EPSP- excitatory postsynaptic potentials
graded potentials that can initiate an action potential in an axon
use only chemically gated channels
Na+ and K+ flow in opposite directions at the same time
postsynaptic membranes do not generate action potentials

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

ganglia

A

group of cell bodies located outside the CNS

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

gap junction

A

communication joint between cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

generator potential

A

because of a graded potential that must be strong enough to stimulate an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

graded potential

A

short response, smaller the farther away from source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

mixed nerves

A

carry autonomic and somatic impulses
four types
somatic afferent and somatic efferent
visceral afferent and visceral efferent

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

monosaccharide

A

simplest form of carbohydrates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

motor nerves

A

efferent, cause motion, stimulate muscle ends

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

nerves

A

bundle of axons and their sheaths

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

nuclei (nervous)

A

Basal Nuclei
masses of gray matter found deep within the cortical white matter
functions(thought to be)
influence muscular activity
regulate attention and cognition
regulate the intensity of slow or stereotyped movements
inhibit antagonistic and unnecessary movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

nucleic acid

A

DNA- genetic code
RNA- interprets DNA
ATP- energy source

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

peroxisomes

A

membraneous sacs that contain oxidases and catalases(enzymes)
carry out metabolic activity
destroy hydrogen peroxide
detoxify harmful or toxic substances
neutralize dangerous free radicals
free radicals- highly reactive chemicals with unpaired electrons
kidneys, liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

polysaccharide

A

longest chain of simple sugars in the body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

postsynaptic potential

A

neurotransmitter receptors mediate changes in membrane potential according to
the amount of neurotransmitter released
the amount of time the neurotransmitter is bound to receptors
two types of postsynaptic potentials are
EPSP- excitatory postsynaptic potentials
graded potentials that can initiate an action potential in an axon
use only chemically gated channels
Na+ and K+ flow in opposite directions at the same time
postsynaptic membranes do not generate action potentials
IPSP- inhibitory postsynaptic potentials
Neurotransmitter binding to a receptor at inhibitory synapses
causes he membrane to become more permeable to K+ and Cl- ions
leaves the charge on the inner surface negative
reduces the postsynaptic neuron’s ability to produce an action potential

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

protein

A 
amino acids joined together
makes up 10-30% of cell mass
building blocks of everything in the body
not getting enough weakens immune system
longer acting energy source
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

sarcolemma

A

muscle plasma membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

sucrose

A

table sugar

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

blind spot of the eye

A

small portion of the visual field of each eye that corresponds to the position of the optic disk (also known as the optic nerve head) within the retina.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

perimysium

A

membrane surrounding a vesicle of a muscle fiber

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

tight junctions

A

keep things in and out

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

tracts

A

Processes
armlike extensions from the soma
called tracts in the CNS and nerves in the PNS
axons and dendrites

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

triglyceride

A

blood lipid, derived from glycol and fatty acids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

salts

A

ionic compounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

cranial bones

A

formed inside fibrous tissue membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

decomposition reaction

A

one element separates into 2+

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

fixator muscle

A

muscle that acts as a stabilizer of one part of the body during the movement of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

synergist muscle

A

muscle that works together with another muscle to create movement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

agonist muscle

A

muscle that creates movement, prime mover

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

antagonist muscle

A

muscle that opposes the action of another

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
48
Q

synthesis reaction

A

combining of two elements into one

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
49
Q

characteristics of a neuron

A

nerve cells, transmit electric signals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
50
Q

characteristics of plasma membrane

A

carbohydrates and lipids, allows things to enter and leave cell

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
51
Q

collagen fibers

A

tough and elastic fibers found in cartilage and skin, tensile strength

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
52
Q

elastic fibers

A

stretch

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
53
Q

exchange reaction

A

two or more ions switch places within a reaction

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
54
Q

gouty arthritis

A

deposits of uric acid crystals in joints and soft tissues, followed by an inflammation response
typically effects the the joint at the base of the big toe
in untreated gouty, the bone ends fuse and immobilize the joint
treatment- colchicine, nonsteriodal anti-inflammatory drugs, glucocorticoids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
55
Q

make up of connective tissue

A

ground substance, fibers, cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
56
Q

mitosis

A

copies, 2 identical daughter cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
57
Q

muscle fibers

A

skeletal and smooth muscle cells are elongated and are called muscle fibers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
58
Q

myoglobin

A

unique oxygen binding protein called myoglobin, myoglobin- works as hemoglobin to provide oxygen levels and color
increased when you take steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
59
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water through a semi-permeable membrane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
60
Q

parts of synovial joint

A

free moving joint, articular cartilage, synovial membrane, synovial fluid, articular capsule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
61
Q

phagocytosis

A

engulfing of negative material/cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
62
Q

reticular fibers

A

network of collagen fibers, framework of lymphatic tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
63
Q

reversible reaction

A

reaction can go either way until equilibrium is reached

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
64
Q

spastic paralysis

A

cut was not all the way through the spinal cord, so some messages get through but not all
comes and goes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
65
Q

make up of sweat

A

water, minerals, urea

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
66
Q

parts of compact bone

A

osteon = haversian system

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
67
Q

parts of neuron

A

dendrite, axon, soma, myelin sheath/Schwann cell/oligodendrocyte

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
68
Q

rule of nines

A

estimates surface area burned on an adult

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
69
Q

steps of tissue repair

A

blood clots, scabs because of fibrin, vasodilation, swelling, white blood cells clean, clot replaced with connective (granular-scar) tissue, epithelial regenerate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
70
Q

vascularity of lens and cornea

A

avascular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
71
Q

divisions of ANS

A

sympathetic and parasympathetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
72
Q

EX of colloid solutions

A

particles are permanently suspended, scatters light beams, too large to pass out of capillary membranes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
73
Q

EX of positive feedback vs. negative feedback

A

negative (stops and returns to homeostasis,) vs. Positive (builds on itself, release of oxytocin, blood coagulation)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
74
Q

EX of suspensions

A

blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
75
Q

formation of optic nerve

A

r

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
76
Q

4 major elements of the body

A

carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen, 96% of body

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
77
Q

function of abducens nerve

A

VI, motor
fibers leave the inferior pons and enter the orbit via the superior orbital fissure
primarily a motor nerve innervating the lateral rectus muscle

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
78
Q

function of accessory nerve

A

XI, formed from the the cranial root emerging from the medulla and a spinal root arising from the superior region of the spinal cord
spinal root passes upward into the cranium via the foramen magnum
the accessory nerve leaves the cranium via the jugular foramen
motor- stimulates sternocleidomastoid and trapezius
supplies fibers to the larynx, pharynx, and soft palate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
79
Q

function of apocrine glands

A

armpits and genitalia, activate near to puberty,, no function

80
Q

function of ceruminous glands

A

produce ear wax, modified eccrine glands

81
Q

function of chondrocyte

A

produce cartilage cells

82
Q

function of compact bone

A

withstand pressure/ strength

83
Q

function of eccrine glands

A

merocrine glands, simple, coiled, tubular, create sweat, cool body

84
Q

function of interoceptors

A

respond to the stimuli arising within the body
found in internal viscera and blood vessels
sensitive to chemical changes, stretch and temperature changes

85
Q

fnct of irregular bone

A

contain red marrow and/or sinuses

86
Q

fnct of limbic system

A

emotional responses to stimuli

87
Q

fct of mammary glands

A

modified apocrine glands, produce milk

88
Q

fct of microtubules

A

provide support and structure for the cytoplasm, involved in cell division, transport of intracellular materials, essential components of centrioles, spindle fibers, cilia, and flagella

89
Q

fnt of mitochondria

A

powerhouse of the cell, produce ATP

90
Q

f of myofilaments

A

form sarcomeres

91
Q

f of nociceptors

A

pain receptors

92
Q

f of osteoblast

A

bone-forming cells
secrete bone matrix and produce new bone
taking steroids increases the number of these cells

93
Q

f of osteoclast

A

large cells that resorb or break down the bone matrix
secrete acid through exocytosis that dissolves bone matrix
causes a release of amino acids, calcium, and phosphates into blood stream

94
Q

f of photoreceptors

A

sense the presence of light, rods and cones

95
Q

f of proprioceptors

A

proprioceptors and visual signals “inform” the cerebellum of the body’s condition, respond to the degree of stretch of the organs they occupy
found in skeletal muscles, tendons, joints, ligaments, and connective tissue coverings of bones and muscles
constantly “advise” the brain of one’s movements

96
Q

function of reticular formation(cerebral cortex)

A

composed of three broad columns along the length of the brainstem
raphe nuclei
medial (large cell) group
lateral (small cell) group
RAS and Motor Function
RAS- Reticular Activating System
sends impulses to the cerebral cortex to keep it conscious and alert
motor function- helps control coarse motor movements
autonomic centers regulate visceral motor functions - vasomotor ,cardiac, respiratory

97
Q

f of rods in the eye

A

bipolar photoreceptor cells involved in noncolor vision and vision under conditions of reduced light

98
Q

f of sarcoplasmic reticulum

A

elaborate, smooth endoplasmic reticulum that mostly runs longitudinally and surrounds each myofibril
paired terminal cisternae for perpendicular cross channels
functions in the regulation of intracellular calcium levels
elongated tubules called T tubules penetrate into the cells interior at each A band-I band junction
T tubules associate with the paired terminal cisternae to form triads

99
Q

f of spongy bone

A

find red marrow here, softer and shock absorbant

100
Q

f of thalamus

A

sensual afferent impulses converge and synapse in the thalamus
impulses of similar function are sorted out, edited, and relayed as a group
all inputs ascending to the cerebral cortex pass through the thalamus
mediates sensation, motor activities, cortical arousal, learning, and memory

101
Q

f of sarcomere

A

smallest contractile unit of muscle
10,000 per myofibril
highly organized units of actin and myosin
the region of a myofibril between 2 successive Z discs (huge discus shaped proteins)
composed of myofilaments made up of contractile proteins

102
Q

f of trabecular bone

A

plates of bone within spongy bone, forms structure that eventually becomes spongy bone through ossification

103
Q

f of trigeminal nerve

A

V, Motor and sensory
Three divisions:
opthalmic (V1)
maxillary (V2)
mandibular (V3)
fibers run from the face to the pons via the superior orbital fissure (V1), the foramen rotundum (V2), and the foramen ovale (V3)
motor and sensory of one of the twins (V3) stimulates the muscles of mastication (masseter and temporalis)
the other sensory is cutaneous (skin)
(V1) one twin receives information from scalp, forehead, nose
(V2) other twin is teeth, soft palate, pharynx, tongue, cheeks

104
Q

f of vestibulocochlear nerve

A

VIII, Sensory
fibers arise from the hearing and equilibrium apparatus of the inner ear , pass through the internal acoustic meatus, and enter the brainstem at the pons-medulla border
two divisions- cochlear (hearing) and vestibular (balance)
equilibrium and hearing

105
Q

f of iris

A

constricts and dilates to control the size of the pupil

106
Q

f of aqueous humor

A

maintains intraocular pressure

107
Q

f of bursae

A

flattened, fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and contains synovial fluid
common where ligaments, muscles, skin, tendons, or bones rub together

108
Q

f of cerebellum

A

cerebellum receives impulses if the intent to initiate voluntary muscle contraction
proprioceptors and visual signals “inform” the cerebellum of the body’s condition
cerebellar cortex calculates the best way to perform a movement
a “blueprint” of corrindated movement is sent to the cerebral motor cortex
coordinated muscles- “best way”
does not integrate movement
problems here causes jerky movements, ataxia, uncoordination
cognitive function
plays a role in language and problem solving
recognizes and predicts sequences of events

109
Q

f of cochlea

A

transform the vibrations of cochlear liquids into neural signals

110
Q

f of cornea

A

permits light to enter the eye and bend, receives oxygen

111
Q

f of enkephalins and endorphins

A

neurotransmitters, stimulate/block certain sensations

112
Q

f of epiphyseal line

A

growth plate
most dangerous place to have a fracture
allows bone to grow in length
FORMS AFTER PLATE IS DONE GROWING

113
Q

f of epiphyseal plate

A

growth plate
most dangerous place to have a fracture
allows bone to grow in length

114
Q

f of hypothalamus

A

blood pressure, rate and force of heartbeat, digestive tract motility, regulates rate and depth of breathing
perception of fear, pleasure, and rage
maintains normal body temperature
regulates feelings of hunger and satiety
regulates sleep and the sleep cycle
endocrine functions of the hypothalamus
releasing hormones control secretion of hormones by the anterior pituitary
the supraoptic and paraventricular nuclei produce ADH and oxytocin
ADH (anti-diuretic hormone)-maintains water levels in the body
too much and blood pressure goes up
oxytocin- stimulates the letdown of breast milk, induces labor

115
Q

f of lacunae

A

small cavities in the bone that contain osteocytes

116
Q

f of lens

A

allows light to bend because of shape

117
Q

f of ligaments

A

holds bone to muscle, fibrous tissue (collagen)

118
Q

f of limbic association area

A

basic survival functions- memory, reproduction, nutrition, interpreting sensory input and emotions in general

119
Q

f of medulla

A

vestibular nuclear complex- synapses that mediate and maintain equilibrium
cardiovascular control center- adjusts the force and the rate of heart contraction, constriction and dilation of the blood vessels
respiratory centers- control rate and depth of breathing
additional centers- regulate vomiting, hiccuping, swallowing, coughing, and sneezing

120
Q

f of menisci

A

fibrocartilage disk that reduces friction

121
Q

f of myofibrils

A

bundles of actin and myosin that form sarcomeres, multiple sarcomeres lined end to end

122
Q

f of posterior association area

A

perception and language

123
Q

f of prefrontal cortex

A

anterior portion of the frontal lobe
intellect, cognition, recall, and personality
necessary for judgement, reasoning, persistence, and conscience
closely linked to the limbic system (emotional part of brain)

124
Q

f of primary somatosensory cortex

A

parietal lobe (postcentral gyrus)
receives information from the skin and skeletal muscles
exhibits spacial discrimination
way the body positions things in relation to gravity

125
Q

f of semicircular canals

A

detect movement in all directions, balance

126
Q

f of skeletal system

A

support, protection, levers for movement, mineral storage, blood cell formation

127
Q

f of somatosensory association cortex

A

parietal lobe
posterior to the primary somatosensory cortex
integrates sensory information
forms comprehensive understandings of the stimulus
determines size, texture, and relationships of parts
Alzheimer’s loses this association area

128
Q

f of T tubules

A

T tubules are continuos with the sarcolemma
conduct impulses in the deepest regions of the muscle
these impulses signal for the release of Ca2+ form adjacent terminal cisternae
T tubules and SR provide tightly linked signals for muscle contractions
double zipper of integral membrane proteins protrude into the intermembranous space
T tubule proteins act as voltage sensors
SR foot proteins are receptors that regulate Ca2+ release form the SR cisternae

129
Q

f of tendons

A

much tougher, provides strength and tension in joint, dense fibrous tissue, bone to bone/muscle to muscle/muscle to bone

130
Q

f of autonomic nervous system

A

involuntary control of visceral responses

131
Q

f of diaphysis

A

strength, center is insulation or shock absorber

132
Q

f of tympanic membrane

A

vibrates from sound waves

133
Q

f of vestibule (ear)

A

balance

134
Q

hormone influence of bone growth

A

growth hormone

135
Q

stretching muscles beyond normal

A

movement cannot be generated, tears

136
Q

ions necessary for nerve impulses

A

Ca2+, K+, Na+

137
Q

levels of pH

A

0-7=acid, 7=neutral, 7-9= base

138
Q

location of gustatory cells

A

tongue/mouth

139
Q

location of myosin

A

in the thick filaments in the sarcomere

140
Q

location of optic disc

A

medial to the macula, nerve processes of the retina meet here

141
Q

location of simple columnar epithelial tissue

A

one layer column shaped,

142
Q

location of simple cuboidal epithelial tissue

A

one layer cube shape, digestive and ducts

143
Q

location of simple squamous epithelial tissue

A

one cell, flat irregular shape, lines things(makes them slick) lining of serous membrane, blood vessels

144
Q

location of taste buds

A

frontal 2/3s of tongue

145
Q

locations of white matter vs. gray matter

A

white(tracts, structural areas), gray (cortexes..)

146
Q

major intracellular ions vs. extracellular

A

extracellular(Na+),

147
Q

method of storing carbohydrates in the liver

A

stored as glucose in the liver

148
Q

most abundant substance in the body

A

water

149
Q

order of light passing through eye

A

conjunctiva, cornea, anterior chamber, pupil, lens, vitreous humor

150
Q

organization of human body- simple to complex

A

cell, tissue, organ, organ system

151
Q

origin of signs of Addison Disease

A

failure of the adrenal glands, not enough cortisol or aldosterone

152
Q

pyruvic acid is converted to what

A

lactic acid

153
Q

layers of epidermis- responsibilities

A

r

154
Q

gustatory cortex- responsibility

A

taste

155
Q

olfactory cortex- responsibility

A

smell

156
Q

vestibular cortex- responsibility

A

balance

157
Q

visceral sensory area- responsibility

A

internal homeostasis

158
Q

role of acetylcholine

A

neurotransmitter that stimulates muscle movement

159
Q

role of astrocytes

A

most abundant, versatile, and highly branched glial cells
cling to neurons and their synaptic endings, and cover capillaries
functionally
support and brace the neurons
anchor neurons to their nutrient supplies
guide migration of young neurons
control the chemical environment

160
Q

role of calcium in muscle contractions

A

stimulatess interactions between thick and thin filaments

161
Q

role of cerebrum

A

higher thought processes- intelligence, personality…

162
Q

role of cholinesterase

A

inhibits enzymes

163
Q

role of ependymal cells

A

range in shape from squamous to columnar
line central cavities of brain and spinal column
fluid-filled cavities

164
Q

role of gamma aminobutyric acid

A

slows down neural responses

165
Q

role of microglia

A

small, ovoid cells with spiny processes

phagocytes that monitor the health of neurons

166
Q

role of norepinephrine

A

neurotransmitter/hormone secreted in response to stress/mood issues

167
Q

role of oligodenrocytes

A

myelin sheath of CNS fibers

168
Q

role of parasympathetic nervous system

A

brings body functions back to normal after sympathetic system

169
Q

role of peripheral nervous system

A

carries messages to and from the spinal cord and brain
TWO Functional Divisions
sensory (afferent) division
sensory afferent fibers- carry impulses from skin, skeletal muscles, and joints to the brain
visceral afferent fibers- transmit impulses from visceral organs to the brain
motor (efferent) division-
transmits impulses from the CNS to the effector organs
Somatic nervous system (SNS)-
conscious control of skeletal muscles
Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)-
regulates smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and glands
Divisions- sympathetic, parasympathetic

170
Q

role of Schwann cells

A

formed by schwann cells in the PNS
a schwann cell
envelopes and axon in a trough
encloses the axon with its plasma membrane
has concentric layers of membrane that make up the myelin sheath
Neurilemma- remaining nucleus and cytoplasm of Schwann cell

171
Q

role of somatic division

A

control of voluntary skeletal muscles

172
Q

role of somatic nervous system

A

voluntary muscle control

173
Q

role of sympathetic nervous system

A

fight-or-flight

174
Q

role of tropomyosin in skeletal muscles

A

Tropomyosin serves as a contraction inhibitor by blocking the myosin binding sites on the actin molecules.

175
Q

signs of conjuctivitis

A

pink conjunctiva, pus seepage

176
Q

signs of Meniere’s syndrome

A

vertigo, tinnitus, hearing loss (hearing and balance disorder)

177
Q

signs of motion sickness

A

nausea, vertigo

178
Q

signs of strabismus

A

eyes that don’t look in the same directions, crossed eyes, double vision

179
Q

strength of hydrogen bonds

A

weakest bond in the body

180
Q

survival needs

A

basic needs needed, goal of life is to survive

181
Q

what is found in anterior chamber

A

aqueous humor

182
Q

what is found in the cranial cavity

A

brain and meninges

183
Q

what is found in the dorsal cavity

A

spinal cord and meninges, brain

184
Q

what is found in the lacunae

A

osteocytes

185
Q

what is found in the thoracic cavity

A

heart, lungs, diaphragm, pleural membranes, great vessels

186
Q

what is found in the vertebral cavity

A

spine and meninges

187
Q

what is found in the Volkmann’s canal

A

channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal

188
Q

what is found within the membranous labyrinth

A

a clear fluid called endolymph (high concentration of K+, low Na+)

189
Q

what is the haversian canals

A

central channel containing blood vessels and nerves
Volkmann’s Canals- channels lying at right angles to the central canal, connecting blood and nerve supply of the periosteum to that of the Haversian canal

190
Q

what is trabeculae

A

bone pieces that are joined together by ossification into spongy bone

191
Q

what stops neurotransmitters

A

are degraded by enzymes
are reabsorbed by astrocytes or the presynaptic terminals
diffuse from the synaptic cleft

192
Q

where do we find flagellum

A

propels, whip-like motion, only cell in human body with it is sperm

193
Q

Rheumatoid Arthritis

A

genetic, autoimmune disease- body cannot protect itself

194
Q

OA (osteoarthritis)

A

general wear and tear on bones

195
Q

ionic compound

A

create electrolytes, held together by electrical current, held together by the neutralization of bases

196
Q

cytosol

A

liquid found in cells, colloidal

197
Q

most common waste product in body

A

lactic acid

HOE (11 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions