A&P 1 Unit 2 (Lab) [Chemistry]

Question 1

Solute

Answer 1

What is dissolved in a solution.

Question 2

Solvent

Answer 2

What does the dissolving in a solution.

Question 3

Solution

Answer 3

Solvent with dissolved solute.

Question 4

pH

Answer 4

Measures how acidic or basic a solution is. Scale: 0 to 14. Anything below 7 is acidic, anything above 7 is basic (alkaline), and 7 is neutral.

Question 5

pH of Blood (Plasma)

Answer 5

7.35-7.45

Question 6

Acidosis

Answer 6

Abnormal condition of acid. (An increased acidity in the blood and other body tissue.) blood pH is too low < 7.35

Question 7

Alkalosis

Answer 7

Abnormal condition of base (alkaline). (A condition reducing hydrogen ion concentration of arterial blood plasma (alkalemia).) blood pH is too high > 7.45

Question 8

Abnormal Blood pH

Answer 8

Adversely affects protein structure & function, including the body’s enzymes – which must assist
almost every chemical reaction in the body. (pH of plasma affects the pH of interstitial fluid…
the fluid bathing every other body cell)

Question 9

Buffer

Answer 9

A chemical that resists large changes in the pH of a solution. – A solution with a buffer in it is called a “buffered solution” (Blood Plasma)

Question 10

Importance of Buffers to Homeostasis

Answer 10

A buffer can release H+ and bind H+
• If an acid is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will bind some of the H+ released by the acid (and the pH will not decrease as much as it would without the buffer)
• If a base is added to a buffered solution, the buffer will release H+ into the solution (and the pH will not increase as much as it would without the buffer)

Question 11

Body’s Catalysts

Answer 11

Enzymes speed the rates of the body’s chemical

reactions by lowering the activation energy required to start the reaction

Question 12

Importance of Enzymes’ shapes

Answer 12

An enzyme’s shape (and function) can be
destroyed by excessive HEAT or ABNORMAL pH
–An enzyme that has lost its proper shape is said
to be denatured
– A denatured enzyme cannot catalyze the
reaction it is designed to assist.

Question 13

Denaturation

Answer 13

An enzyme that has lost its proper shape is said

to be denatured. A denatured enzyme cannot catalyze the reaction it is designed to assist.

Question 14

Solubility

Answer 14

Solubility is the degree to which a solute dissolves in a solvent
–A solute that dissolves completely is “highly soluble” in that solvent
–A solute that cannot dissolve is “insoluble” in that solvent

Question 15

Polar Solvents

Answer 15

Polar covalent and ionic solutes are soluble in most polar covalent solvents
–Ex. Glucose, sucrose, Na+, Cl- are soluble in water (a polar solvent). (WATER for the body)

Question 16

Non-Polar Solvents

Answer 16

Nonpolar covalent solutes are soluble in most nonpolar covalent solvents
–Ex. Iodine (I2) is soluble in paint thinner.

Question 17

Acidic

Answer 17

Increase in the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 18

Alkaline (Basic)

Answer 18

Decrease in the concentration of hydrogen ions.

Question 19

Antacids

Answer 19

Group of medications that neutralize stomach acid to treat a variety of conditions, including gastroesophageal reflux, commonly known as heartburn.

Question 20

Chemical Reaction

Answer 20

Often when atoms or molecules interact, chemical bonds are formed, broken, or rearranged, or electrons are transferred between molecules.

Question 21

Catalyst

Answer 21

Added to a reaction to increase its rate.

Question 22

Ionic Bond

Answer 22

When one or more electrons is transferred from a metal to a nonmetal.

Question 23

Amphipathic

Answer 23

They have both polar and nonpolar parts.