__Y6 Endo

Question 1

Fasting glucose level for diabetes diagnosis?

Answer 1

> 7 nM

Question 2

Glucose tolerance test - 2hr value for diabetes diagnosis

Answer 2

Plasma glucose >11.1mM at 2hrs

Question 3

Stages of diabetic retinopathy and features of each stage

Answer 3

Background → venodilation, microaneurysms (dots), hard exudates

Pre-proliferative → soft exudates (cotton wool spots)

Proliferative → new vessels

Question 4

Grades of hypertensive retinopathy

Answer 4

Grade 1: arteriolar narrowing and silver wiring

Grade 2: AV nipping

Grade 3: flame haemorrhages, cotton wool spots

Grade 4: papilloedema

Question 5

Abs in Grave’s disease

Answer 5

Abs to TSH receptor (hyperthyroid, smooth goitre),
Abs to GF-R in extraocular muscles (exophthalmos),
Abs that stimulates pretibial myxoedema

Question 6

How to tell if Acromegaly condition is currently active?

Answer 6

BP remains high
Dipstick urine for glycosuria

Look for complications - bitemp hemianopia, GTT, GH level, imaging

Question 7

Cushings test

Answer 7

24 hr urinary free cortisol