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Yaeger FAR > 9C Accounting Changes > Flashcards

9C Accounting Changes Flashcards

0
Q

Type of Accounting Change: change in estimate

Definition

A

Change of estimated financial statement amount based on

New information or experience

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1
Q

Type of Accounting Change: Change in Accounting Principle

Definition

A

Change form use of one generally accepted accounting

Principle to another generally accepted accounting principle

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2
Q

Type of Accounting Change: change in reporting entity

Definition

A

Change that results in financial statements representing a

Different entity

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3
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Financial statement treatment

A

Retrospective application

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4
Q

Change in estimate:

Financial statement treatment

A

Prospective

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5
Q

Change in reporting entity:

Financial statement treatment

A

Retrospective application

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6
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Retrospective application on financial statements

A

Report cumulative effect of change in carrying amounts of assets
And liabilities as beginning of 1st period presented

With offsetting adjustment to opening balance of retained earnings
For that period

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7
Q

For retrospective application of a change in an accounting principle, financial statements for each period are adjusted to reflect…

A

Period specific effects of the change for direct effects

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8
Q

Change in estimate:

Prospective treatment for financial statements

A

Report in period of change and future periods

Don’t adjust financial statements of previous periods

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9
Q

Change in reporting entity:

Retrospective application of financial statements

A

Report financial statements of all periods to show financial info
For the new reporting entity for those periods

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10
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the nature and…

A

Reason for change

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11
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the method of…

A

Applying the change

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12
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the description of…

A

Prior period info that is retrospectively adjusted

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13
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the effect of change on…

A

Income from continuing operations, net income and other

Financial statement line item

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14
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the per share amounts for…

A

Current period and adjusted periods

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15
Q

Change in accounting principle

Financial statement disclosures:

Disclose the description of the…

A

Indirect effects of the change and related per share amounts

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16
Q

Change in estimate

Financial statement disclosures: 3

A

1 effect on income form continuing operations

2 net income

3 related per share amounts (if change affects several future periods)

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17
Q

Change in reporting entity

Financial statement disclosures:

How it affects…5

A

1 type of change and reasons for change
2 related effects on income before extraordinary items
3 net income
4 other comprehensive income
5 related per share effects on EPS for all periods presented

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18
Q

Correction of an error:

Correction of an error in previously issued financial statements requires…

A

A prior period adjustment by restating financial statements

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19
Q

What are the 3 kinds of accounting changes?

A

1 changes in accounting principle

2 changes in accounting estimate

3 changes in reporting entity

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20
Q

There is no change in the definition and treatment of…

A

Corrections of errors

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21
Q

Corrections of errors are not…

A

Accounting changes

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22
Q

Corrections of errors are done as…

A

Prior period adjustments to the beginning balance of retained
Earnings, net of tax effect

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23
Q

The term “restatements” is reserved only for describing…

A

Corrections of errors to financial statements

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24
Q

Comparative financial statements for publicly traded companies:

Number of years for income statement, cashflow statement and balance sheet?

A

3 years for comparative statements for statement of cashflows and income Statement

2 years for comparative statements for balance sheet

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25
Q

Steps in dealing with changes in accounting principle:

Just use the new accounting principle in…

A

The current accounting period

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26
Q

Steps in dealing with changes in accounting principle:

Take the cumulative effect and adjust…

A

The carrying values of assets and liabilities as of the beginning
Of the first period presented

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27
Q

Cumulative effect (change in accounting principle)

A

Difference between old and new accounting principle since
Company first started business

until beginning of first period Presented

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28
Q

Changes in accounting principle, taking the cumulative effect and adjusting the carrying values of assets and liabilities:

The offsetting debit or credit is made to…

A

The beginning balance of retained earnings (net of tax) for

First period presented

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29
Q

Changes in accounting principle, taking the cumulative effect and adjusting the carrying values of assets and liabilities:

Only direct effects are…

A

Part of the cumulative effect

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30
Q

Changes in accounting principle, taking the cumulative effect and adjusting the carrying values of assets and liabilities:

Indirect effects are reported in…

A

The period the change is made

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31
Q

Steps in dealing with changes in accounting principle:

Presentation of prior periods in comparative financial statements:

The financial statements of each prior period presented are adjusted for…

A

Period specific effects

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32
Q

Retrospective treatments means that you can apply…

A

The new accounting principle to prior periods’ financial statements
As the new accounting principle has been used in those periods

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33
Q

During change of an accounting principle, if the cumulative effect can be calculated, but the period specific effects can only be determined for some of the accounting periods presented (not all of them), the financial statements of earth prior period presented are…

2) and adjust that prior period’s…

A

Adjusted for period specific effects in earliest prior period
Possible

2) beginning balances for assets, liabilities and retained earnings

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34
Q

Change in accounting principle, if the cumulative effect can’t be calculated, then…

A

Apply the new accounting principle prospectively

35
Q

Prospective application of an accounting principle is the easiest for…

A

Managment, so FASB made it tough to qualify

36
Q

To qualify for prospective implementation of a change in an accounting principle entity must meet…

A

At least 1 of the 3 criteria of impracticability

37
Q

3 criteria of impractibility

A

1 after making every reasonable effort to apply new principle
Retrospectively but you’re unable to do so
2 there are assumptions about management’s intentions that can’t
Be independently substantiated
3 significant estimates are required and you can’t obtain objective
Info to make estimates

38
Q

Cindy’s example of: there are assumptions about management’s intentions that can’t be independently substantiated

A

You couldn’t read management’s mind

39
Q

Cindy’s example of: significant estimates are required and you can’t obtain objective info to make estimates

A

You are really bad at guessing

40
Q

Classic example of impracticability

A

Converting from FIFO to LIFO because of those pesky LIFO layers

41
Q

Changes in accounting principles:

No distinction is made between special and…

A

Non special changes

All changes in accounting principles are treated in the same
manner

42
Q

Changes in depreciation, amortization and depletion methods are treated as…

A

Changes in accounting estimates

43
Q

Examples of common changes in accounting principles 2

A

1 change in inventory flow method (FIFO, LIFO, Weighted-Avg./
Moving-Avg)

2 change in construction accounting method (percentage of
Completion, completed contract)

44
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Direct effects (of the cumulative effect)

A

Effects to the assets, liabilities, DITA, DITL, and impairment losses
As result of the new accounting principle

45
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Indirect effects (of the cumulative effect)

A

Effects to current and future cash flows as result of new accounting
Principle

Ex. Royalties and profit sharing

46
Q

2 steps in dealing with changes in accounting estimate

A

1 just use new accounting estimate in current accounting period

2 do not adjust financial statements of prior periods presented

47
Q

What are changes in accounting estimates besides changes in depreciation, amortization and depletion methods?

2 other examples

A

1 change in percentages for BDX or Warranty expense

2 changes in salvage value or estimated useful life for
Depreciable assets

48
Q

2 steps in dealing with changes in reporting entity

A

1 just use new reporting entity in current accounting period

2 apply the new reporting entity retrospectively to the financial
Statements of all prior periods presented

49
Q

Retrospective treatment for changes in reporting entity:

What did it used to be called in the old accounting standard?

A

Retroactive treatment

50
Q

2 examples of changes in reporting entity

A

1 leaving out a subsidiary when it’s being controlled by bankruptcy
Court, but including it once it emerges from bankruptcy

2 leaving out foreign subsidiary when it’s being controlled by
A foreign gov, but including it when there’s a change in Foreign
gov’s policy

51
Q

Straight line depreciation expense equation

A

Depreciation expense =

(Historical cost - salvage value)/useful life

52
Q

In bankruptcy court, entity is controlled by…

A

Bankruptcy trustee

53
Q

A change in depreciation method is a change in method that is not…

A

Not distinguishable from a change in estimate and is accounted
For as a change in an estimate

54
Q

Change in an accounting estimate is reported on a…

A

Prospective basis in current and future years

55
Q

A change in depreciation method is no longer given…

A

Cumulative effect treatment on the income statement

56
Q

Because a change in depreciation method is no longer given cumulative effect treatment on the income statement, there are…

A

No deferred income tax liability effects

57
Q

No net of tax calculation is appropriate for…

A

Prospective calculations in an accounting change

58
Q

An accounting change that is a change in reporting entity is given…

A

Retrospective application to the earliest period presented, if
Practicable

59
Q

Calculations for double declining balance

A

(1/useful life x 2) x (historical cost - acc. Depr.)

60
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

The rules for accounting changes are similar to…

A

US GAAP

61
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

Accounting changes may occur only when…2

A

1 change is required by IFRS
Or
2 there’s a voluntary change in accounting methods

62
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

In the case of a new IFRS pronouncement, the transition rules in…

A

The new IFRS statement should be followed

63
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

A voluntary change in accounting method may only be made if it provides…

A

Reliable and relevant information about the transactions,

Entity’s financial position, performance or cash flows

64
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

A voluntary change in accounting method is given…

A

Retrospective application by applying the policy as if the new
policy had always been applied

65
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

Retrospective application provides that opening balance of equity is…

2) and that other amounts are disclosed for…

A

Adjusted for the earliest period presented

2) each period as if the new accounting policy had always been
applied

66
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

If it is impracticable to determine the effects of the change then the change may be…

A

Applied on a prospective basis

67
Q

IFRS Change in accounting principle:

Disclosures include…4 things

A

1 the title of IFRS requiring the change
2 nature of the change
3 amount of adjustments to each financial statement line item
4 effects on EPS

68
Q

IFRS change in accounting estimate:

Change in accounting estimate occurs due to…

A

Uncertainties in measuring items on financial statements

69
Q

IFRS change in accounting estimate:

Changes in estimates include changes in estimates for…5

A 
1 bad debts
2 inventory obsolescence 
3 FV financial of assets and liabilities 
4 useful life of depreciable asset
5 warranty obligations
70
Q

IFRS change in accounting estimate:

A change in estimate is accounted for on…

A

A prospective basis in period of change (current and future periods)

71
Q

A change in method of accounting for long term contracts requires…

A

Retrospective application to earliest year practicable

72
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

Nature and reason for…

A

Change and explanation as to why new method is preferable

73
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

The method of…

A

Applying the change

74
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

A description of the…

A

Prior period information that is retrospectively adjusted

75
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

The effect of the change on…4

A

1 income from continuing operations
2 net income
3 other affected financial statement line item
4 any affected per share amounts for current period and all
Periods adjusted retrospectively

76
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

The cumulative effect of the…

A

Change on retained earnings or other components of equity or
Net assets as of the earliest period presented

77
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

If retrospective application is impracticable…

A

The reason, and description of how change was reported

78
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

A description of indirect…

A

Effects of change, including amounts recognized in current period
And related per share amounts

79
Q

Notes to the financial statements to describe a change in accounting principle must include:

Unless impracticable, the amounts of…

A

The indirect effects of the change and the per share amounts

For each prior period presented

80
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Disclosures are also required for…

A

Interim periods

81
Q

In the year of the change to the new accounting principle, interim financial state,nets should disclose…3 things

A

1 the effect of the change on income from continuing operations

2 net income

3 related per share amounts for the post change interim periods

82
Q

Change in accounting principle:

Once the change in method is disclosed, financial statements in subsequent periods…

A

Don’t need to repeat the disclosure

83
Q

The effect of a change in accounting principle which is inseparable from the effect of a change in accounting estimate should be accounted for as…

A

A change in accounting estimate

84
Q

Changes in estimate should be accounted for in the period of…

A

Change and affected future periods as a component of income

From operations

85
Q

Financial statements are only restated for…

A

Changes due to error

86
Q

If the cumulative effect of applying an accounting change can be determined, but the period specific effects on all periods can’t be determined, the cumulative effect of the change should be applied to…

A

The carrying value of assets and liabilities at the beginning of
The earliest period that can be determined

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