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SHHS Geography > 9.4 Coastal Landscapes > Flashcards

9.4 Coastal Landscapes Flashcards

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1
Q

brain drain

A

when educated people leave a region or country to move elsewhere for better economic opportunities

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2
Q

deposition

A

when a wave loses energy, it drops the sediment it is carrying

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3
Q

hard engineering

A

A coastal management technique used to protect coasts, by absorbing energy of waves, preventing erosion and flooding. They are highly visible man-made structures used to stop or disrupt natural processes

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4
Q

landform

A

a natural feature of land

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5
Q

regeneration

A

the long term upgrading of existing places to increase attractiveness and socio-economic success

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6
Q

soft engineering

A

where the natural environment is used to help reduce coastal erosion and river flooding

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7
Q

tides

A

The alternate rising and falling of the sea. Tides are caused by the gravitational force of the Earth, Sun, and Moon

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8
Q

Transportation

A

The movement of sediment by a wave

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9
Q

What is the difference between a wave and tide

A

Waves
-created by wind blowing over the surface of the sea

Tide
-caused by the gravitational force of the Sun, Moon and Earth

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10
Q

What is the formation of waves

A
  1. Waves are created by wind blowing over the sea’s surface
  2. As the wind blows over the sea, friction is created, producing a swell in the water
  3. The energy of the wind causes the swell to rotate
  4. The size and energy of a wave is influenced by the strength of wind and how long it has been blowing for
  5. When a wave breaks, water is washed up the beach, swash
    6.When the water runs back, this is called backwash
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11
Q

What are the types of waves

A

Constructive
Deconstructive

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12
Q

Characteristics of a constructive wave

A

-strong wash and weak backwash
-strong wash brings sediment to build up the beach
-waves are low and further apart

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13
Q

Characteristics of a deconstructive wave

A

-weak swash and strong backwash
-strong backwash removes sediment from the beach
-waves are steap and closer together

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14
Q

Explain the formation of a sea stack

A
  1. Large crack opened up by hydraulic action
  2. Crack grows into cave by hydraulic action and abrasion
  3. Cave becomes larger
  4. Arch is eroded and collapses
  5. Leaving a tall rock stack
  6. Stack erodes forming a stump
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15
Q

Hydraulic action

A

Power of waved as they smash against the cliff, air becomes trapped in the rocks causing them to break

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16
Q

Abrasion

A

When pebbles grind along a rock platform, over time the rock becomes smooth

17
Q

C: Describe how the way we use the coast has changed

A

Tourism began to collapse due to the introduction of package holidays in the 1980s. People chose to fly abroad for cheaper rather than stay at seasides

18
Q

Linking to brain drain, what has happened to many UK coastal towns?

A

Many educated people have left deprived seaside towns to move elsewhere for better economic opportunities. Leaving the seaside area more difficult to sustain and be successful

19
Q

What are some uses of the coast?

A

tourism
fishing
renewable energy sites

20
Q

Why did Whitley Bay need regeneration?

A

Because at the time many of their facilities needed upgrading to increase attractiveness and socio-economic success

21
Q

How was Whitley Bay regenerated?
Social

A

-attractive footpaths have been created to make area more accessible
-toilet blocks were refurbished and re-opened, new loos

22
Q

How was Whitley Bay regenerated?
Economic

A

-Premiere Inn hotel and Beefeater restaurant opened, creating full and part time jobs

23
Q

How was Whitley Bay regenerated?
Environmental

A

-a scheme to strengthen the sea wall and revamo the promenade was complete in May 2019

24
Q

How can we protect Happisburgh and other rapidly eroding areas?
HE

A

Hard Engineering
man made structures that control the sea to reduce erosion

25
Q

How can we protect Happisburgh and other rapidly eroding areas?
SE

A

Soft Engineering
using knowledge of the sea and it’s processes to reduce the effects of flooding and erosion

26
Q

Examples of Hard Engineering

A

Sea Walls
-expensive but effective
-placed at foot of cliff to prevent erosion

Rock Armour
-large boulders placed at foot of cliff, breaking waves
-cheaper than sea walls

27
Q

Examples of Soft Engineering

A

Beach Nourishment
-sand is pumped on existing beaches to build them up

Reprofiling
-sediment is moved from lower to upper beach
-cheap and reduces energy of waves

SHHS Geography (9 decks)

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