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SHHS Geography > 9.3 Ecosystems > Flashcards

9.3 Ecosystems Flashcards

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1
Q

abiotic

A

non-living parts of an ecosystem

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2
Q

example of an abiotic organism

A

climate, soil

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3
Q

biome

A

worldscale ecosystem

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4
Q

example of ecosystem

A

rainforest, hot desert

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5
Q

biotic

A

living parts of an ecosystem

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6
Q

example of a biotic organism

A

plants, animals

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7
Q

canopy

A

the cover of trees in a rainforest which limits sunlight

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8
Q

consumer

A

things in an ecosystem that consume others to get energy

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9
Q

examples of consumers

A

carnivores

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10
Q

decomposer

A

help decompose dead things in an ecosystem

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11
Q

example of a decomposer

A

bacteria

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12
Q

ecosystem

A

a community made of living and non living things

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13
Q

example of an ecosystem

A

pond, woodland

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14
Q

emergent

A

tallest trees in the rainforest that grow above the others to get sunlight

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15
Q

food chain

A

the relationship between who eats what in an ecosystem

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16
Q

food web

A

a more complex pattern between consumers and producers in an ecosystem

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17
Q

producer

A

convert sunlight into energy through plants

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18
Q

C: Name some global ecosystems

A

-tropical rainforest
-tundra
-desert
-polar region

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19
Q

I: Describe the location of tropical rainforest ecosystem

A

30degrees N - 20degrees S
along the equator
South America, India

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20
Q

I: Describe the location of tundra ecosystem

A

60degrees - 70degrees N
North of north America, North of Asia
Russia

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21
Q

Explain the characteristics of tropical rainforest

A

climate
-hot
-high rainfall

plants
-high biodiversity

animals
-various animal species

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22
Q

Explain the characteristics of a desert ecosystem

A

climate
-hot
-dry

plants
-low biodiversity

animals
-small
-nocturnal

23
Q

Explain the characteristics of tundra ecosystem

A

climate
-cold
-windy

plants
-low plants
-small and short trees in warmer areas

animals
-wolves
-reindeers

24
Q

Explain the characteristics of polar region ecosystem

A

climate
-very cold

plants
-very few plants
-mosses and lichens

animals
-polar bears
-penguins

25
Q

what is a food chain made up of?

A

producer–> herbivore/consumer –> omnivore/consumer –> carnivore/consumer

26
Q

What affects climate around the world?

A

Built up areas
Distance from the sea

27
Q

How does distance from the equator affect climate around the world? (temperature)

A

Distance from the equator:
The closer a country is to the equator the hotter it will be. This is because the sun’s rays are more concentrated here as thay have a shorter distance to get to the earth’s surface.
The further away from the equator the colder it will be as the sun’s rays are less concentrated as they have longer distance to travel to get to the earth’s surface.

28
Q

How do built up areas affect climate locally?

A

More cars can be found in urban areas and they emit heat. While houses and streets hold heat. This means urban areas will be warmer than rural areas.

29
Q

How does distance from the equator affect climate around the world? (precipitation)

A

The warm air found near the equator rises9as it is less dense than cold air). This then cools, condenses and forms clouds. The clouds will eventually become too heavy and unable to withhold the water so it rains.

30
Q

What are some natural features of a rainforest?

A

waterfalls
lots of wildlife
layers of tropical rainforest

31
Q

I: Describe buttress roots (physical feature of rainforest)

A

roots, which are strong, stabalising and wide

32
Q

I: Describe Lianas (physical feature of rainforest)

A

vines that wrap around trees

33
Q

I: Describe epiphytes (physical feature of rainforest)

A

plants, which grow on trees

34
Q

How have buttress roots helped adapted plants to it’s environmet?

A

They stabalise the tree so it can grow tall enough withour falling. Trees need to grow tall so they can reach sunlight

35
Q

How have lianas helped adapted plants to it’s environmet?

A

They allow plants to gain sunlight so they can grow and photosynthesise

36
Q

How have epiphytes helped adapted plants to it’s environmet?

A

Growing on trees mean they can receive sufficient sunlight so they can photosythesise and grow

37
Q

C: State some some human uses of the rainforest

A

mining
logging
medical research

38
Q

I: How do loggers use the rainforest?

A

Gather a variety of wood for furniture or firewood

39
Q

How do miners use the rainforest?

A

Extract ores and minerals e.g. copper, iron

40
Q

How do medical researchers use the rainforest?

A

Use the plants within the rainforest for medicines

41
Q

Benefits of logging

A

-creates jobs
-rainforest is more accessible

42
Q

Benefits of mining

A

-mining ores can lead to a lot of money

43
Q

Benefits of medical research

A

-cures are created to treat the suffering

44
Q

Problems with logging

A

-mass harvesting
-damages environment

… contributes to climate change as it leaves more CO2 in the atmosphere

45
Q

Problems with mining

A

-pollute rivers, threatening local/indigineous communities
-deforestation has to occur before mining can take place
-habitats and homes are destroyed

46
Q

problems with medical research

A

-indigenous people are fully relient on this job, they have no back plan if it fails
-can lead to mass extraction for the medicine

47
Q

Problems for the future of rainforests

A

If we continue destroying rainforests at current rates, then rainforests are likely to disapear in 100 years.]

Currently 10 species a day are being lost due to mass deforestation.

48
Q

What is being done to protect rainforests?

A

International agreements
-2015 Paris Agreement
-global leaders work together to help reduce the impact of the disaster

Ecotourism
-minimises damage to environment
-benefits locals e.g. tour guides
-waste and litter is disposes properly

49
Q

outsourcing

A

getting another company to find cheaper resources

50
Q

Positives of Tnc’s
LIC

A

-Offers people jobs who otherwise be without income
-money that people earn go toward helping the local economy, improving the area (multiplier effect)
-living standard is raised from tax and investments

51
Q

Positive of Tnc’s
HIC

A
52
Q

negatives of tnc
LIC

A

-work long hours with little pay, exploitation
-few environmental laws in place, causing high pollution levels and industrial accidents

53
Q

negatives of tnc
HIC

A

-move profits so they can avoid paying tax, illegal

54
Q

TNC

A

a business or company which is in two or mroe countries

SHHS Geography (9 decks)

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