9.3-RNA VIRUSES Flashcards
The size of picornaviruses
Small (28–30 nm)
The resistance of picornaviruses to ether
Ether-resistant
The symmetry of picornaviruses
Cubic symmetry
The genome structure of picornaviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of picornaviruses
7.2–8.4 kb
The human pathogen genera in Picornaviridae
Enterovirus and Hepatovirus
The acid stability of rhinoviruses
Acid-labile
The acid stability of other enteroviruses
Acid-stable
The animal diseases caused by picornaviruses
Foot-and-mouth disease, encephalomyocarditis
The size of astroviruses
28–30 nm
The distinctive surface feature of astroviruses
Star-shaped outline
The genome structure of astroviruses
Linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of astroviruses
6.4–7.4 kb
The disease caused by astroviruses
Gastroenteritis in humans and animals
The size of caliciviruses
27–40 nm
The distinctive surface feature of caliciviruses
Cup-shaped depressions
The genome structure of caliciviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of caliciviruses
7.4–8.3 kb
The presence or absence of an envelope in caliciviruses
None (naked virus)
The major human pathogen in Caliciviridae
Norovirus
The disease caused by noroviruses
Epidemic acute gastroenteritis
The animal hosts of other caliciviruses
Cats, sea lions, primates
The size of hepeviruses
Small (27–34 nm)
The resistance of hepeviruses to ether
Ether-resistant
The genome structure of hepeviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of hepeviruses
7.2 kb
The structural difference in hepevirus genome compared to picornaviruses
Lacks genome-linked protein (VPg)
The major human pathogen in Hepeviridae
Hepatitis E virus
The size of picobirnaviruses
35–40 nm
The symmetry of picobirnaviruses
Icosahedral
The presence or absence of an envelope in picobirnaviruses
None (naked virus)
The genome structure of picobirnaviruses
Linear, double-stranded, segmented RNA
The number of genome segments in picobirnaviruses
2 (bipartite genome)
The total genome size of picobirnaviruses
4.0–4.5 kb
The type of RNA genome in reoviruses
Double-stranded RNA
The size of reoviruses
Medium-sized (60–80 nm)
The resistance of reoviruses to ether
Ether-resistant
The presence or absence of an envelope in reoviruses
None (naked virus)
The genome structure of reoviruses
Linear, double-stranded, segmented RNA
The number of genome segments in reoviruses
10–12 segments
The total genome size of reoviruses
16–27 kbp
The site of reovirus replication
Cytoplasm
The reovirus that has a wheel-shaped appearance and causes infantile gastroenteritis
Rotavirus
The reovirus responsible for Colorado Tick Fever
Coltivirus
The classification of arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses
Ecologic groupings (not a virus family)
The type of vector involved in arbovirus transmission
Arthropods
Examples of human arbovirus diseases
Dengue, Yellow Fever, West Nile Fever, Encephalitis viruses
The mode of transmission of rodent-borne viruses
Transmitted in rodents without an arthropod vector
Examples of rodent-borne human diseases
Hantavirus infections, Lassa fever
The virus families that include arboviruses and rodent-borne viruses
Arenavirus, Bunyavirus, Flavivirus, Reovirus, Rhabdovirus, Togavirus
The presence of an envelope in togaviruses
Lipid-containing envelope
The sensitivity of togaviruses to ether
Ether-sensitive
The genome structure of togaviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of togaviruses
9.7–11.8 kb
The size of enveloped togavirion
70 nm
The site of togavirus particle maturation
Budding from host cell membranes
The examples of togaviruses
Eastern equine encephalitis virus, Rubella virus, Alphaviruses
The togavirus that is NOT arthropod-borne
Rubella virus
The presence of an envelope in flaviviruses
Yes, enveloped
The size range of flaviviruses
40–60 nm
The genome structure of flaviviruses
Single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of flaviviruses
9.5–12.5 kb
The flavivirus where mature virions accumulate
Cisternae of ER
The mode of transmission of most flaviviruses
By blood-sucking arthropods
Examples of flaviviruses
Yellow fever virus, Dengue viruses, Hepatitis C virus (HCV)
The shape and envelope status of arenaviruses
Pleomorphic, enveloped
The size range of arenaviruses
50–300 nm (typically 110–130 nm)
The genome structure of arenaviruses
Segmented, circular, single-stranded RNA
The genome sense of arenaviruses
Negative sense and ambisense
The total genome size of arenaviruses
10–14 kb
The site of arenavirus replication
Cytoplasm
The mode of arenavirus assembly
Budding on the plasma membrane
The characteristic appearance of arenavirus particles
Sandy appearance
The geographic region where most arenaviruses are found
Tropical America
The primary animal reservoir of arenaviruses
Rodents
The arenavirus that causes hemorrhagic fever
Lassa fever virus
The presence of an envelope in coronaviruses
Yes, enveloped
The size range of coronaviruses
120–160 nm
The genome structure of coronaviruses
Unsegmented, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The genome size of coronaviruses
27–32 kb
The nucleocapsid symmetry of coronaviruses
Helical
The nucleocapsid size of coronaviruses
9–11 nm in diameter
The unique structural feature of coronaviruses
Petal-shaped surface projections (solar corona-like)
The site of coronavirus nucleocapsid formation
Cytoplasm
The site of coronavirus particle maturation
Budding into cytoplasmic vesicles
The primary disease caused by most human coronaviruses
Mild acute upper respiratory tract illnesses (common cold)
The coronavirus genus that causes gastroenteritis
Toroviruses
Examples of animal coronaviruses
Mouse hepatitis virus, Avian infectious bronchitis virus
The shape and envelope status of retroviruses
Spherical, enveloped
The size range of retroviruses
80–110 nm
The genome structure of retroviruses
Two copies of linear, single-stranded, positive-sense RNA
The nucleocapsid structure of retroviruses
Helical nucleocapsid within an icosahedral capsid
The key enzyme found in retroviruses
Reverse transcriptase
The process catalyzed by reverse transcriptase
RNA to DNA conversion
The site of retrovirus assembly
Budding on plasma membranes
Examples of retroviruses
Leukemia viruses, Sarcoma viruses, Foamy viruses, Lentiviruses (HIV, Visna)
The disease caused by HIV
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
The size range of orthomyxoviruses
80–120 nm
The symmetry of orthomyxoviruses
Helical symmetry
The possible shapes of orthomyxovirus particles
Round or filamentous
The key surface proteins of orthomyxoviruses
Hemagglutinin and neuraminidase
The genome structure of orthomyxoviruses
Linear, segmented, single-stranded, negative-sense RNA
The genome size of orthomyxoviruses
10–13.6 kb
The site of orthomyxovirus nucleocapsid assembly
Nucleus
The site of hemagglutinin and neuraminidase accumulation
Cytoplasm
The mode of orthomyxovirus maturation
Budding
The only viruses included in Orthomyxoviridae
Influenza viruses
The most severe type of influenza virus
Influenza A
The size range of paramyxoviruses
150–300 nm (larger than orthomyxoviruses)
The shape of paramyxovirus particles
Pleomorphic
The genome structure of paramyxoviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented, negative-sense RNA
The genome size of paramyxoviruses
16–20 kb
The site of nucleocapsid and hemagglutinin formation in paramyxoviruses
Cytoplasm
The genetic stability of paramyxoviruses
Genetically stable
Examples of human paramyxoviruses
Mumps, Measles, Parainfluenza, Metapneumovirus, Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)
The paramyxovirus that causes laryngotracheobronchitis
Parainfluenza virus
The disease caused by parainfluenza virus
Croup disease
The shape and size of bunyaviruses
Pleomorphic, 80–120 nm, enveloped
The genome structure of bunyaviruses
Triple-segmented, circular, single-stranded RNA
The genome sense of bunyaviruses
Negative-sense or ambisense
The total genome size of bunyaviruses
11–19 kb
The structure of bunyavirus nucleocapsid
Three circular, helically symmetric nucleocapsids
The size of bunyavirus nucleocapsids
2.5 nm in diameter, 200–3000 nm in length
The site of bunyavirus replication
Cytoplasm
The site of bunyavirus envelope formation
Golgi apparatus
The main mode of transmission of bunyaviruses
Arthropods (except hantaviruses)
The exception to arthropod transmission in bunyaviruses
Hantaviruses (aerosol or rodent excreta)
Diseases caused by bunyaviruses
Hemorrhagic fevers, nephropathy, pulmonary syndrome
The shape and size of bornaviruses
Spherical, 80–125 nm, enveloped
The genome structure of bornaviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented RNA
The genome sense of bornaviruses
Negative-sense
The genome size of bornaviruses
8.5–10.5 kb
The site of bornavirus replication and transcription
Nucleus
The primary target of borna disease virus
Neurotropic (affects the nervous system in animals)
Potential human association of borna disease virus
Neuropsychiatric disorders
The unique shape of rhabdoviruses
Bullet-shaped virions
The size of rhabdovirus particles
75 × 180 nm
The envelope structure of rhabdoviruses
Has 10-nm spikes
The genome structure of rhabdoviruses
Linear, single-stranded, nonsegmented RNA
The genome sense of rhabdoviruses
Negative-sense
The genome size of rhabdoviruses
13–16 kb
The site of rhabdovirus particle formation
Budding from the cell membrane
The major example of a rhabdovirus
Rabies virus
The shape and appearance of filoviruses
Pleomorphic, long, threadlike viruses
The typical width of filoviruses
80 nm
The typical length of filoviruses
About 1000 nm
The envelope structure of filoviruses
Contains large peplomers
The genome structure of filoviruses
Linear, single-stranded RNA
The genome sense of filoviruses
Negative-sense
The genome size of filoviruses
19 kb
Examples of filoviruses
Marburg virus, Ebola virus
The Ebola serotype found in the Philippines
Ebola Reston
The biosafety level required for filoviruses
Maximum containment conditions
The disease caused by filoviruses
Hemorrhagic fever
The type of organisms affected by viroids
Plants
The key difference between viroids and viruses
Viroids lack a protein coat
The genome structure of plant viroids
Single-stranded, covalently closed circular RNA
The ability of viroids to encode proteins
Do not encode any proteins
The existence of viroids in animals or humans
None demonstrated
The composition of prions
Infectious particles made of protein only (no nucleic acid)
The resistance properties of prions
Highly resistant to heat, formaldehyde, and UV light
The genetic encoding of the prion protein
Encoded by a single cellular gene
The group of diseases caused by prions
Transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSEs)
The prion disease found in sheep
Scrapie
The prion disease found in cattle
Mad cow disease (Bovine spongiform encephalopathy, BSE)
The prion diseases found in humans
Kuru and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD)
