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3002 > 93 Domestic and sexual violence: Impacts on health > Flashcards

93 Domestic and sexual violence: Impacts on health Flashcards

1
Q

What is gender based violence?

A
  • Violence that is directed against a woman because she is a woman, or violence that affects women disproportionately
  • Includes acts that inflict physical, mental or sexual harm or suffering, threats of such acts, coercion and other deprivations of liberty
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2
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls at pre-birth?

A

Sex-selective abortion

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3
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls at infancy?

A
  • Female infanticide

* Neglect (health care, nutrition)

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4
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls as children?

A
  • FGM/ cutting
  • Child abuse
  • Malnutrition
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5
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls at adolescence?

A
  • Forced prostitution
  • Trafficking
  • Forced early marriage
  • Psychological abuse
  • Rape
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6
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls at reproductive age?

A
  • Honor/ dowry killing
  • Intimate partner violence
  • Sexual assault
  • Homicide
  • Sex trafficking
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7
Q

What are the types of violence against women and girls at elderly stage?

A
  • Elder/ widow abuse

* Economic abuse

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8
Q

What is domestic abuse?

A
  • Occurs within a current or previous intimate relationship
  • Can be physical, sexual or emotional and includes controlling and coercive behaviours
  • Most victims are women, men can also experience DA, occurs in same sex relationships
  • AKA domestic violence, intimate partner violence, spouse abuse, battering, wife beating
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9
Q

% of adult female homicide victims vs male victims murdered by current or ex-partner

A

50% female vs 12% male victims

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10
Q

What is the lifetime prevalence rates of domestic abuse for women? (Home Office 2015)

A

~ 25%

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11
Q

What fraction of children on the at risk register live with domestic abuse?

A

3/4

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12
Q

What fraction of women who experience DA are assaulted for the 1st time whilst pregnant?

A

1/3

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13
Q

When are women at highest risk of domestic homicide?

A

Whilst pregnant or post-partum

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14
Q

What % of maternal deaths occurred in women who disclosed DA?

A

14%

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15
Q

Most cases of rape or sexual assault are carried out by who?

A

Someone known to the victim

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16
Q

How many women have been victims of rape

A

1/ 20

17
Q

How many rapes result in conviction?

A

6% of reported rapes result in conviction (4% in Scotland)

18
Q

When did rape within marriage become illegal in Scotland?

A

1989

19
Q

Violence against women is increasingly documented as a weapon used to…

A

Humiliate and intimidate civilians and as tactics in ethnic cleansing

20
Q

What is stalking and harassment?

A

Means intentional behaviour, involving more than one incident, which causes fear, upset or annoyance to the victim

21
Q

Examples of stalking and harassment

A
  • Surveillance
  • Unwanted phone calls and text messages
  • Unwanted gifts and cards
  • “Cyber” stalking
  • Threatening emails, letters, calls or texts to family and friends
  • Damage to property
22
Q

Examples of harmful traditional practices?

A
  • Female genital mutilation (FGM)
  • “Honour” based violence
  • Forced marriage
  • Dowry related abuse
23
Q

Examples of commercial sexual exploitation?

A
  • Prostitution
  • Trafficking
  • Pornography
  • Lapdancing, pole-dancing, stripping
  • Saunas, brothels, massage parlours

All have links to organised crime, child exploitation and human trafficking

24
Q

What % of child sexual abuser are men?

A

90% regardless whether the child is a boy or girl

25
Q

How common is childhood sexual abuse (CSA)?

A
  • 1: 4 women

* 1: 5 men

26
Q

Impacts of GBV on physical health?

A
  • Injuries
  • Disability
  • Impaired immunity
27
Q

Impacts of GBV on mental health?

A
  • PTSD
  • Anxiety
  • Phobias
  • Depression
  • Addictions
28
Q

Impacts of GBV on reproductive health?

A
  • STIs
  • Infertility
  • Miscarriage
  • Pregnancy complications
  • Poor birth outcomes
29
Q

Public health approaches to the elimination of GBV?

A
  • Educational programmes to address entrenched societal attitudes and beliefs which reinforce gender innequality
  • National campaigns to raise awareness of GBV and promote support services
  • National campaigns to encourage non-abusing men to challenge sexist behaviours and attitudes which reinforce gender inequality
  • Ensure health services are responsible to those affected by all forms of GBV and offer appropriate care and support
30
Q

What are principles of good practice?

A
  • Safety of women and children is paramount
  • Treat people with respect and dignity at all times: listen and avoid being judgmental
  • Only ask a woman abuse if she is alone the only exception being a professional interpreter
  • Document your findings accurately and fully
  • Recognise the skills and contributions of other agencies
  • Keep yourself and your colleagues safe

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