9.1 Chronic Diseases and Infections

Question 1

Why are cystic fibrosis patients at risk of infections?

Answer 1

The thick mucous becomes static and so becomes infected. The mucous can also block ducts to trap pathogens.

Question 2

What are the main pathogens affecting CF patients in adulthood?

Answer 2

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

Burkholderia cepacia

Question 3

Why do COPD patients suffer from increased infections?

Answer 3

Mucous secretion is increased

Mucocillary mechanism is removed

Question 4

What pathogens are COPD patients most likely to suffer from?

Answer 4

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

H. influenzae

Question 5

Why are diabetics at a higher risk of infection?

Answer 5

Hyperglycaemia produces a good environment for pathogens
Poor tissue perfusion- necrotic tissue can become infected
Diabetic neuropathy- do not notice damaged tissue
Humeral immunity impaired

Question 6

What is malignant otitis externa?

Answer 6

Infection of auditory canal by pseudomonas aeruginosa

Question 7

What is rhinocerebral mucormycosis?

Answer 7

Mould infection that colonises nose and sinuses

Question 8

What three main types of infections are diabetics at risk of?

Answer 8

ENT infections
UTI
Skin and soft tissue infections

Question 9

How can chronic diseases cause infection?

Answer 9

The disease will alter the structure or function of tissues in the body which may make it easier for pathogens to invade.
The can also alter the interactions between the body and naturally present pathogens