8.2 Antimicrobial Resistance

Question 1

Define MDR?

Answer 1

Multidrug resistant

Non susceptibility to at least one agent in three of more antimicrobial categories

Question 2

Define XDR?

Answer 2

Extensively drug resistant

Non-susceptibility to at least one agent in all but two or fewer antimicrobial categories

Question 3

Define PDR

Answer 3

Pan drug resistant

Non-susceptibility to all agents in all microbial categories

Question 4

What is antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 4

The appropriate use of antimicrobials to optimise clinical outcomes and minimise toxicity whilst also reducing healthcare costs

Question 5

What is involved in persuasive interventions for antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 5

Education about antibiotics

Reminders about treatment

Question 6

What is involved in restrictive interventions for antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 6

Must have prior authorisations to use
Are able to stop orders
Restricted use

Question 7

What is involved in structural interventions for antimicrobial stewardship?

Answer 7

Computerised records
Rapid lab tests
Quality monitoring

Question 8

What three requirements are needed for successful stewardship?

Answer 8

Long term resources
Good hospital leadership
Integrate stewardship into patient safety

Question 9

What does antibiotic resistance result in?

Answer 9

Treatment failure
Prophylaxis failure
Large economic costs