2.2 Antimicrobials Flashcards
Give three ideal features of an antibacterial
Selectively toxic Few adverse side effects No drug interactions Long half life Reach site of infection
Give the four mechanisms of antibacterial action
Affect cell wall synthesis
Affect protein synthesis
Affect nucleic acid synthesis
Affect cell membrane function
Give an example of an antibacterial that affects cell wall synthesis
Beta-lactams
Glycopeptides
Give an example of an antibacterial that affects protein synthesis
Tetracyclines
Aminoglycerides
Give an example of an antibacterial that affects nucleic acid synthesis
Quinolones
Give an example of an antibacterial that affects cell membrane function
Polymixins
How can resistance to antibacterials be obtained?
Horizontal transmission of resistant genes
Chromosomal gene mutation
Vertical transmission of gene
Give three mechanisms by which bacteria can become resistant to drugs
Produce drug-inactivating hormones
Lower the affinity of the drug for the target bacteria
Change the permeability of a drug
Describe disk-sensitivity testing
A agar plate is covered in a bacterial colony. Filter paper with various antibiotics are placed on the agar and left. The bacteria does not grow around the effective antibiotics so these can be chosen for treatment against these bacteria.
What three sub-categories come under Beta-lactams
Penicillins
Cephalosporins
Carbapenems
List some penicillins
Penicillin
Amoxicillin
Flucloxicillin
Co-amoxiclav
Give an example of a cephalosporin and what is works against
Cetriaxone- very broad spectrum but no anaerobe activity
Give an example of a glycopeptide antibacterial
Vancomysin- works against most Gram +
What two drug types are given for fungal infections?
Azoles
Polyenes
Give an example of an Azole and its function
Fliconazole- inhibits cell membrane synthesis
