9.1-9.9 Qualitative analysis Flashcards
Why must the test for ions be unique?
.You would never be able to tell which ion it was if more than one ion gave the same result
What colour will the flame go if a Lithium ion is present?
Red
What colour will the flame go if a sodium ion is present?
Yellow
What colour will the flame go if a potassium ion is present?
Lilac
What colour will the flame go if a calcium ion is present?
Orange-red
What colour will the flame go if a copper ion is present?
Blue-Green
If an aluminium Ion was present what colour precipitate would form?
White precipitate
If a calcium ion was present what colour would the precipitate be?
White precipitate
How can you tell the difference between Aluminium and Calcium ions if both form a white precipitate?
Add sodium hydroxide as Aluminium ions dissolve when excess NaOH is added
If a copper ion is present what precipitate will it form?
Blue precipitate
If Iron(II) was present what precipitate will form?
Green
If Iron(III) is present what precipitate will form?
Brown precipitate
How could you tell if an Ammonium ion was in a solid or solution?
.Pungent-smelling gas is produced
.Gas produced turns damp red litmus paper blue
Describe the chemical test for Ammonia
.Makes damp red litmus paper turn blue
.It also forms a white smoke of ammonium chloride when hydrogen chloride gas from concentrated hydrochloric acid is held near it
Describe the test to find if there is a Carbonate ion in a solid or solution
.Use dilute acid and identify the CO2
.If the gas produced bubbles through limewater and it it goes cloudy it is CO2
Describe the test to find if there is a sulfate ion in a solid or solution
.Add dilute HCL followed by barium chloride solution
.A white precipitate will form when sulfate ions are in this solution
Describe the test to find if there are chloride, bromide or iodide ions in a solid or solution
.First, add dilute nitric acid followed by silver nitrate solution
Chloride gives a white precipitate
Bromide gives a cream precipitate
Iodine gives a yellow precipitate
What can be detected using instrumental methods?
Elements and compounds
Give an example of a instrumental method
.Gas chromatography
.Mass spectrometry
What is a flame photometer an example of?
An instrumental method used to analyse metal ions n a solution
How do you work a flame photometer?
.Sample is put into a flame and the light given out is passed through a photometer
What is the output of a flame photometer?
.Output is a line spectrum that can be analysed to identify the metal ions in the solution and to measure their concentration
