4.1 Obtaining and using metals

Question 1

What will the most reactive metals react with?

Answer 1

Cold water

Question 2

Fairly reactive metals react with what?

Answer 2

Acids

Question 3

What do almost all metals react with?

Answer 3

Oxygen

Question 4

How can you see if one metal is more reactive than another?

Answer 4

Using displacement reactions

Question 5

In a displacement reaction what do the more reactive metals form?

Answer 5

Cation

Question 6

Why do more reactive metals form cations?

Answer 6

.They displace the less reactive metal, losing electrons and therefore have been oxidised

Question 7

What do less reactive metals form?

Answer 7

Anion

Question 8

Why do less reactive metals form an anion?

Answer 8

.They are displaced, gaining electrons and therefore being reduced

Question 9

What are the first 4 elements in the reactivity series?

Answer 9

Potassium
Sodium
Calcium
Magnesium

Question 10

What are the middle 4 elements in the reactivity series?

Answer 10

.Aluminium
.Carbon
.Zinc
.Iron

Question 11

What are the last four elements in the reactivity series?

Answer 11

Hydrogen
Copper
Silver
Gold

Question 12

What is the reactivity of a metal related to?

Answer 12

Its tendency to form positive ions

Question 13

Where are most metals extracted from?

Answer 13

.From ores in the Earths crust

Question 14

Where are unreactive metals from?

Answer 14

.Found in the Earth’s crust as uncombined elements

Question 15

What is oxidation?

Answer 15

.The gain of oxygen

Question 16

What is reduction?

Answer 16

The loss of oxygen

Question 17

Are metals more or less reactive than carbon?

Answer 17

Less reactive

Question 18

How can metals be extracted from their oxides?

Answer 18

Reduction with carbon

Question 19

When can a metal be extracted by reduction with carbon?

Answer 19

If it is less reactive, so the carbon can displace it

Question 20

What technique would you use to extract a metal if it is more reactive than carbon?

Answer 20

Electrolysis

Question 21

Why is electrolysis expensive?

Answer 21

.Due to the large amounts of energy used to melt the compounds and to produce the electrical current

Question 22

Name the two alternative biological methods of metal extraction

Answer 22

.Phytoextraction

.Bacterial extraction

Question 23

Give the process of phytoextraction

Answer 23

.Some plants absorb metal compounds through their roots
.These are concentrated into their shoots and leaves
.These can be burned to produce an ash that contains the metal compounds

Question 24

Give the process of bacterial extraction

Answer 24

.Some bacteria absorb metal compounds
.Produce solutions called leachates which contain them
.Scrap ron can be used to obtain the metal from the leachate

Question 25

What is a metals relative resistance to oxidation the same as?

Answer 25

Its relative resistance to losing electrons/ forming positive metal ions

Question 26

How is mining ores bad for the environment?

Answer 26

.Large quarries are created which produces noise pollution and dust

Question 27

What does recycling allow for?

Answer 27

.Waste materials to be reused

Question 28

Why are lifetime assessments of a product carried out?

Answer 28

To assess the environmental impacts of products in the stages of a product life