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USC PT Gait Analysis > 9.0 Pathological Gait Knee > Flashcards

9.0 Pathological Gait Knee Flashcards

1
Q

When is Articular pressure greatest in the Quads?

A

When Quads are Weakest, or after Anesthesia

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2
Q

What is a knee flexion contracture?

A

The knee is stuck at a certain angle and can only flex beyond that angle, but not extend.

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3
Q

When is Intra articular pressure greatest in Knee Flexion?

A

at 0°

at 90-120°

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4
Q

What is the relationship between Quadriceps demand and Knee Flexion Angle?

A

As Knee Flexion increases, Quadricep demand increases

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5
Q

This is failure to achieve normal amount of flexion

A

Inadequate Flexion

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6
Q

This is extension beyond neutral (Hyperextension)

A

Excessive Extension

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7
Q

Being able to flex the knee more than normal range is known as…

A

Excessive Knee Flexion

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8
Q

This is persistent knee flexion when the knee should be extending

A

Inadequate Extension

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9
Q

What are potential causes of inadequate knee flexion during Loading Response?

A
  1. Quadricep Weakness
  2. Hip Extensor Weakness
  3. Muscle or Joint Pain (Avoidance)
  4. Excessive Quadricep Activity
  5. Decreased Heel Rocker
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10
Q

Limited Knee Flexion ALWAYS limits ________

A

Limits Hip Flexion

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11
Q

What are the penalties associated with inadequate knee flexion during Loading Response?

A

Decreased Shock Absorption

-(Increased Bone and Cartilage Loading)

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12
Q

During Pre-Swing and Initial Swing, Inadequate knee flexion could be caused by…

A
  1. Muscle or Joint Pain (Avoidance)
  2. Excessive Quadriceps Activity
  3. Hip flexor Weakness
  4. Knee Flexion Weakness
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13
Q

During Pre-swing and Initial Swing, the penalty for Inadequate Knee Flexion is…

A

Decreased foot clearance

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14
Q

During Loading Response, Mid stance, and terminal stance, ONLY IF RANGE IS AVAILABLE, the potential causes for Excessive Extension are…

A
  1. Quadricep Weakness
  2. Muscles or Joint Pain (Avoidance)
  3. Excessive Quadriceps Activity
  4. Excessive Ankle Plantar Flexion
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15
Q

What is the penalty associated with Excessive Extension from Loading-Response to Terminal Stance?

A

Penalty

-Posterior Knee Joint Stress

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16
Q

During Pre-swing and Initial-Swing, excessive knee flexion can be caused by

A
  1. Compensatory action to assist in foot clearance due to excessive plantar flexion
  2. Abnormal Motor Control (Flexor Pattern)
17
Q

What is the penalty associated with Excessive Knee Flexion during Pre-swing and Initial-swing?

A

Increased energy expenditure related to muscle overuse

  • Hip Flexors
  • Biceps Femoris Short head
18
Q

What stages are you likely to experience inadequate knee extension

A

Mid-stance and Terminal-Stance

19
Q

What are the potential causes of Inadequate knee extension in Mid stance and Terminal Stance?

A
  1. Knee flexion Contracture
  2. Hip flexion Contracture
  3. Excessive Dorsiflexion (Calf Weakness)
  4. Excessive Hamstring Activation
20
Q

What are the penalties associated with Inadequate Knee Extension in Mid and Terminal Stance?

A
  1. Increased Energy Expenditure related to muscle overuse (Quadriceps)
  2. Diminished forward progression
  3. Decreased Stride Length
21
Q

What swing phases is one likely to see Inadequate knee extension?

A

Mid swing and Terminal Swing

22
Q

What are the potential causes of Inadequate knee extension in Mid and Terminal SWING?

A
  1. Quadricep Weakness
  2. Knee Flexion Contracture
  3. Excessive Hamstring Activation
  4. Purposeful Strategy to reduce heel rocker
    - Weakness
    - Poor balance/Instability
    - Heel pain
23
Q

What are the penalties associated with Inadequate knee extension during Mid and Terminal SWING?

A
  1. Decreased preparation for Stance
  2. Decreased limb Advancement
  3. Decreased stride Length
24
Q

What is the leading potential cause for Dynamic Knee Valgus in the stance phases?

A
  1. Excessive Hip Adduction
  2. Excessive Hip Internal Rotation
    - Both related to weak hip abductors and/or external rotators
25
Q

What are the penalties associated with Dynamic Knee Valgus in the stance phases due to

A. Excessive Hip Adduction
B. Excessive Hip Internal Rotation

A
  1. Knee Joint Stress/Strain
    - MCL Stress
    - Pes Anserine Strain
    - IT Band Strain
  2. Patellofemoral Joint Stress
26
Q

What is the potential cause of dynamic knee varus during the stance phases?

A

Pelvic Drop owing to hip Abductor weakness

27
Q

What are the penalties associated with Dynamic knee Varus during the stances phases, due to pelvic drop owing to hip abductor weakness?

A

Knee joint stress and strain

  • LCL Strain
  • IT Band Strain
  • Medial Compartment Compression
28
Q

What are the causes for excessive knee rotation during the stance phases?

A
  1. Excessive Pronation

2. Weakness of Hip External Rotatorss

29
Q

What are the penalties associated with Excessive Knee rotation during the stance phases due to excessive pronation and/or weakness of hip external rotators?

A
  1. Knee Joint Stress/Strain
    - MCL Stress
    - Pes Anserine Strain
    - IT Bane Strain
  2. Patellofemoral Joint Stress
30
Q

What is the influence of muscle weakness in the sagittal plane for knee weakness?

A

Quadriceps

USC PT Gait Analysis (11 decks)

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