5.0 Knee Function During Gait Flashcards
Why must the knee be neutral during initial contact?
Ensures Heel contact
What happens to the knee angle during Loading response?
Neutral
to
20° Fexion
What are the objectives of Loading Response?
- Shock Absorption
- Forward Progression
- Weight Bearing Stability
During Mid-stance, what happens to the angle of the knee?
20° of Flexion
to
0°
What are the objectives of Midstance?
- Progression of COM over BOS
2. Single Limb Stance Stability
What happens to the angle of the Knee in Terminal Stance?
Remains Neutral
What is the objectives of Terminal Stance?
- Progression of COM Beyond BOS
What is the angle of the Knee during Pre-swing?
0°
to
40° Flexion
What is the angle about the knee during Initial Swing?
40° Flexion
to
60° Flexion
What are the Objectives of Initial Swing
- Foot Clearance
2. Limb Advancement
What happens to the angle of the knee during Mid-swing?
60° of Plantarflexion
to
30° of Plantarflexion
What are the objectives of Mid-swing?
- Continued Limb Advancement
2. Foot Clearance
What happens to the angle about the knee during Terminal Stance?
30° of Plantarflexion
to
0° Neutral
What are the objectives of Terminal Swing?
- Complete Limb Advancement
2. Prepare for Limb Stance
During Initial Contact, what is happening to the knee in the frontal plane?
Remains Neutral with respect to Varus/Valgus
During Loading Response/Midstance, what is happening to the knee in the Frontal Plane?
Neutral with respect to Varus/Valgus
During Terminal Stance, what is happening to the knee in the frontal plane?
Neutral with respect to Varus/Valgus
During Loading Response/Mid Stance in the Transverse plane, what is happening about the knee?
Tibia: Internal Rotation
During Midstance/Terminal Stance, what is happening about the knee in the transverse plane?
Tibia: External Rotation to 0°
Femur: External Rotation to 0°
Knee: Neutral 0°
Describe the screw home mechanism for Loading Response
Loading Response:
- Rear Foot Pronation
- -Tibial Internal Rotation
- –Unlocks Knee to facilitate knee flexion and shock absorption
Describe the Screw Home Mechanism for Mid-Stance
Mid-Stance:
- Foot Supination
- -Tibial External Rotation
- –Locks Knee to facilitate knee extension and ensure stance stability during single limb support
In the sagittal plane during loading response, what moment is created about the knee?
Knee Flexion Moment
Vasti (Eccentric)
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- vastus Intermedius
During Midstance, what moment is created about the knee?
Knee flexion Moment to Neutral Moment
Vasti (concentric)
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Intermedius
During Terminal Stance, what moment is created about the knee?
Neutral Moment
No Quadricep or Hamstring Action.
Vector Travels directly through knee.
During Preswing, what moment is created about the knee?
Knee Flexion Moment (small)
Why is knee flexion passive during pre-swing?
Knee flexion is passive due to hip flexors causing the motion.
What moment is created during initial swing and the type of contraction?
Extension Moment - Gravity Driven
Biceps Femoris Short Head (concentric)
What muscle action is occurring about the knee joint during Mid-swing?
Extension Moment - Gravity Driven
No Muscle Action
What muscle action is occurring during terminal swing about the knee and the type of contraction?
Knee Flexion Moment - Driven by gravity
Vasti (concentric)
- Vastus Lateralis
- Vastus Medialis
- Vastus Intermedius
What muscles resist a Knee Varus Moment?
Knee Varus
Resisted by
-Iliotibial Band
-Lateral collateral Ligament
What muscles/tendons resist tibial External Rotation?
Medial Hamstrings
Pes Anserine complex
Popliteus
LCL and MCL
What muscles/Ligaments control Resistance Internal Rotation
Lateral Hamstrings
ACL
What muscles control the femur from rotating?
Gluteus Maximus
Piriformis
Deep Hip Rotators
What is the angle of the Knee during Initial contact?
Neutral 0°
