3.0 Fundementals of Gait Flashcards
Why do we evaluate Gait?
Provides insight into preferred movement tendencies and advanced movement behavior
What are the 5 clinical indications for Gait analysis?
- Painful Gait
- Unstable Gait
- Instability to walk quickly
- Inability to walk distances
What are the 4 basic functions of the Locomotor unit during gait?
- Shock Absorption
- Stance Stability(Active/Passive)
- Forward Progression
- Energy Conservation
This type of shock absorption deals with non-contractile structures.
Passive Shock Absorbers (Bone/Cartilage)
This type of shock absorption utilizes eccentric muscle contractions.
Active Shock Absorbers
Describe the spectrum of shock absorption.
- One end of the spectrum has active shock absorption, the other passive.
- People tend to fall in the middle of this scale, however, there is much variability between people.
- You cannot have one without the other, but individuals may bias towards one end more so than others.
This is the stance that we are most stable in when standing.
Passive Stance Stability (Standing Straight)
This is when one hits the ground with their calcaneus, which sets up a rocker effect
Heel rocker
Heel rocker facilitates what?
Forward Progression
This is a point where the tibia comes forward, and allows the Center of mass to move over the base of support.
Ankle Rocker: Facilitates forward progression.
This rocker is where the metatarsal heads become the pivot point.
Forefoot/toe Rocker
What is the name of the 3 rockers that facilitate forward progression?
Heel Rocker
Ankle Rocker
Forefoot/Toe Rocker
This type of forward progression is due to momentum of a limb moving forward.
Swing limb momentum
When one tries to minimize displacement of their center of mass and reduce muscle activation, this is known as…
Energy Conservation.
For an average individual with normal gait patterns, their COM should translate about _____ amount med/lat and _____ Sup/Inf.
Med/Lat = 4cm
Sup/Inf = 2cm
During the gait cycle, when is our COM at the highest point?
When the knee is fully extended
Mid-stance
Mid-swing
For medial and lateral translation, out COM is at its worst during which phase of the gait cycle?
Swing phases
This is coined as a portion of a given movement cycle?
Phase
This is the basic requirement of a given phase
Objective
This is the joint of segment motion(s) or positions that are required to accomplish an objective for a given phase
Critical Event
What are the 2 main phases of a gait cycle?
Stance 60%
Swing 40%
This is when the reference limb is in contact with the floor
Stance (60%)
This phase is when the reference foot is not in contact with the floor.
Swing (40%)
During this phase of stance (60%), there is Initial double limb support.
Loading Phase (10%)
During this phase of the gait cycle, there is single limb support on the ground.
Single Limb Support (40%)
- Mid-Stance (20%)
- Terminal-Stance (20%)
During this phase of the gait cycle, there is double terminal limb support on the ground.
Terminal Double Limb Support (10%)
-Pre-Swing (10%)
Swing phase is when the reference foot is not in contact with the floor. What are the 3 phases and their % contributions?
- Initial Swing (13.3%)
- Mid-Swing (13.3%)
- Terminal-Swing (13.3%)
Abnormal Gait patterns can affect the lower extremity.
What are the 3 main affected structures?
- Joint Stress(Bone/Cartilage)
- Soft Tissue Strain (Ligaments/Tendons)
- Muscle Overuse
