4.0 Foot and Ankle Functions During Gait Flashcards
What are the 3 objectives of Loading Response?
- Initiate forward progression
- Shock Absorption
- Weight Bearing Stability
During Loading response of the gait cycle, what are the 3 major kinematics occurring?
0-5° Plantar Flexion
Part of Heel Rocker Mechanism
Facilitates the objective of Forward Progression
What are the important kinematics of Initial Contact at the ankle?
- Neutral Ankle
2. Facilitates Heel Rocker
During mid-stance, the ankle moves from ___° to ___°
5° of Plantar Flexion
to
5° of Dorsi Flexion
What is/are the objective of Mid-stance?
- Facilitates the objective of progression of COM over the base of support
- Single Limb Stance Stability
What is the objective of Terminal stance?
Facilitate the objective of progression of COM BEYOND the BOS
What is happening about the ankle during Terminal Stance?
5° of Dorsiflexion
to
10° of Dorsiflexion
What muscles are active during loading response affecting the ankle and the type of contraction occurring?
Loading Response
- Anterior Leg Muscles
- Tibialis Anterior
- Eccentric Plantar Flexion
What muscle(s) is/are active during Mid Stance that affect the ankle?
Mid-stance
- Posterior Leg Muscles
- Tibialis Posterior, Gastroc, Soleus
- Eccentric Dorsiflexion
What muscles are active during terminal stance that affect the ankle?
Terminal stance
- Posterior Leg Muscles
- Gastroc, Soleus, Tibialis Posterior
- Eccentric Dorsiflexion
What is the objective of Pre-swing?
-Initiate Limb Advancement
What is happening about the ankle during Pre-swing?
10° of Dorsiflexion
to
20° of Plantarflexion
What is happening about the ankle during Initial Swing?
20° of Plantar Flexion
to
5° of Plantar Flexion
What is the objective(s) of Initial Swing?
- Limb Advancement
2. Foot Clearance
What is happening about the ankle during Mid-swing?
5° of Plantar Flexion
to
0° of Plantar Flexion
What are the objectives of Mid-swing?
- Continued Limb Advancement
2. Continued Foot Clearance
What is happening about the ankle during Terminal Swing?
Stays Neutral 0°
What are the objectives of Terminal Swing?
- Complete Limb Advancement
2. Prepare Limb for Stance
What are the frontal plane kinematic about the ankle during Initial Contact?
Foot:
-Supination 3°-5°
What are the Frontal Plane kinematics about the ankle during Loading Response?
Foot
- Pronation 4°-6°
- Rear Foot Eversion
What are the frontal plane kinematics about the ankle during Midstance-Terminal Stance?
Foot:
-Pronation to Neutral
What are the objectives of Frontal Plane motion about the Foot?
- Pronation in Loading Response/Mid Stance
2. Supination in Mid Stance/Terminal Stance
What are the objectives during Pronation in Loading response/Mid stance?
- Shock Absorption
2. Stance Stability
How does pronation about the foot during loading response/Mid stance facilitate shock absorption?
Pronation results in the “Unlocking” of the mid tarsal joints turning the foot into a “Mobile Adaptor”
How does supination in Midstance/Terminal Stance facilitate the progression of the COM beyond the BOS (Forefoot Rocker)?
Supination results int he “Locking” of midtarsal joints, turning the foot into a “Rigid Lever”
Foot Pronation facilitates what about the tibia?
Foot Pronation => Tibia Internal Rotation
During loading response? Where is the Ground reaction force vector relative to the Foot/leg?
Behind them
What type of moment does it create when the ground reaction force is behind the foot and ankle?
Plantar Flexion Moment
What muscles are active during a plantar flexion moment?
Dorsiflexors (Eccentric)
- Tibialis Anterir
- Extensor Hallicus Longus
- Extensor Digitorum
During Midstance, what type of moment is created by the ground reaction force?
Dorsiflexion moment?
During a dorsiflexion moment? What is happening in regards to the muscles of the leg?
Dorsiflexion Moment = Plantar Flexors Active
Plantarflexors (Eccentric)
- Gastrocnemius
- Soleus
What type of moment is happening about the foot/ankle during terminal stance?
Increasing Dorsiflexion moment
In regards to Kinematics and muscle control, what is happening during pre-swing about the foot/ankle?
- Reducing Dorsiflexion Moment
- Reducing Calf Demand (Concentric)
- NO PUSH OFF!!!
What type of moment is created during initial swing about the foot/ankle?
Plantar Flexion Moment: Driven by Gravity
What muscles are active during a Plantar Flexion Moment?
Dorsiflexors (Concentric)
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Hallicus Longus
- Extensor Digitorum
For Initial Swing, Mid Swing, and Terminal Swing, What is the Moment created at the Ankle, and what type of muscle contraction is occuring?
Plantar Flexion Moment: due to Gravity
Dorsiflexion (concentric)
- Tibialis Anterior
- Extensor Hallucis Longus
- Extensor Digitorum
Terminal Swing is only different in that the Dorsiflexors are “ISOMETRIC”
During Loading response, what happens about the foot and how does that affect the tibia?
Foot Pronates/Everts
Tibia Internally rotates
The foot pronation motion is controlled by muscles that _______ the foot.
Invert
What are the inversion muscles and what type of contraction is occuring?
Dynamic Control of Foot Pronation During Loading Response
-Eccentric Contraction ·Tibialis Posterior ·Tibialis Anterior ·Flexor Hallicus Longus ·Flexor Digitorum Longus
Pronation to Supination in Mid Stance to Terminal stance is necessary for adequate _______ rocker in terminal stance.
Forefoot Rocker
For the foot go from Pronation to Supination in Mid stance to Terminal Stance, this requires a _____________ muscle action of the inverters.
Concentric
- Tibialis Posterior
- Flexor Hallicus Longus
- Flexor digitorum Longus
NO TIBIALIS ANTERIOR
During Initial contact of the Gait Cycle, what is happening at the ankle?
- Neutral Position
- Facilitates Heel Rocker
