6.0 Hip and Trunk Function During Gait

Question 1

What are the objectives of Initial Contact?

Answer 1

Ensures Heel contact

Neutral Trunk Position

Question 2

What is the angle of the hip at the end of Loading Response?

Answer 2

Maintains 20° of Hip Flexion

Question 3

What is the objective of the hip angle during loading response?

Answer 3

Facilitates the objective of weight bearing stability

Question 4

What is the angle of the hip during Mid-Stance?

Answer 4

20° of Flexion
to
0° Neutral

Question 5

What role does the hip play in the objectives tied to Mid-stance?

Answer 5

Hip Extension facilitates the objectives of

1. Progression of COM over BOS
2. Single Limb Stance Stability

Question 6

What is the angle of the hip at the end of Terminal Stance?

Answer 6

0° Neutral
to
20° Extension

Question 7

How does the angle of the hip aid in the objectives during Terminal Stance?

Answer 7

Hip Extension facilitates the objective of

1. COM beyond the BOS
2. Allows Normal Step/Stride Length

Question 8

During pre-swing, What happens tot he angle of the hip?

Answer 8

20° of Extension
to
0° Neutral

Question 9

What role does the hip angle play in the objective of Pre-swing?

Answer 9

Hip Flexion facilitates the objective of

1. Limb Advancement initiation
2. Passive Knee flexion

Question 10

What is the hip angle at the end of Initial Swing?

Answer 10

0° Neutral
to
10° Flexion

Question 11

How does the hip angle aid int he objective of Initial Swing?

Answer 11

Hip Flexion facilitates he objective of

1. Limb Advancement

Question 12

During Mid-swing, what is the angle of the hip at the end of the phase?

Answer 12

10° of Flexion
to
20° of Flexion

Question 13

How does the hip angle in Mid-swing help with the objectives of mid-swing?

Answer 13

Hip Flexion Facilitates the objective of

1. Continued Limb Advancement

Question 14

What is the hip angle at the end of terminal Swing?

Answer 14

Maintains 20° of Flexion

Question 15

What does the hip angle in terminal stance aid in the objectives tied to this phase?

Answer 15

Maintaining Hip Flexion during this phase facilitates the objective of

1. Completing limb advancement
2. Ensures normal Step/Stride Length
3. Ensures Heel contact

Question 16

What 2 factors ensure a normal step stride length in Gait?

Answer 16

Hip Extension during Terminal Stance

Hip Flexion Terminal Swing

Question 17

During Initial contact, what is happening to the hip in the frontal plane?

Answer 17

Hip/Pelvis
-Neutral

Trunk
-Neutral

Question 18

During Loading Response/Mid Stance, what is happening to the hip in the frontal plane?

Answer 18

Hip/Pelvis
-Neutral to 3-5° of Adduction

Trunk
-Side Bending 3-5°

Question 19

During Terminal Stance, what is happening about the hip in the frontal plane?

Answer 19

Hip/Pelvis
-Neutral

Trunk
-Neutral

Question 20

What is the objective of frontal plane hip kinematics>

Answer 20

a relatively level pelvis assists in maintaining a weight bearing stability (hip Abductors)

Question 21

During loading response/Mid-stance, what is happening about the hip in Loading response?

Answer 21

Hip Internal Rotation

Question 22

During Mid-stance/Terminal Stance, what is happening about the hip in the transverse plane?

Answer 22

Hip External Rotation

Question 23

During Loading Response, what kind of moment is created about the hip?

Answer 23

Hip Flexion Moment

Question 24

What muscle are activated during Loading response about the hip?

Answer 24

Hip Flexion Moment Facilitates

Hip Extension (Isometric)

• Gluteus Maximus
• Hamstrings
• Adductor Magnus

Question 25

What moment is created at the beginning of midstance?

Answer 25

A reducing Hip Flexion Moment

Question 26

What muscles are active during the early Midstance Hip Flexion Moment

Answer 26

Hip Flexor moment facilitates Hip Extensors (Concentric) - Gluteus Maximus - Hamstrings - Adductor Magnus

Question 27

At the end of Midstance, what kind of moment is created at the hip?

Answer 27

No Moment No Muscle activation

Question 28

During terminal stance, what kind of moment is created about the hip?

Answer 28

Hip Extension Moment

Question 29

In terminal stance, what muscles are activated due to the hip extension moment?

Answer 29

Hip Extension moment is resisted passively by - Anterior Hip Capsule - Tension of Anterior Structures -No Hip flexors are active.

Question 30

What kind of moment is created in Pre-swing about the hip?

Answer 30

a Reducing Hip Extension Motion

Question 31

What muscles are active during Pre-swing about the hip?

Answer 31

Hip Extension moment... Concentric Hip Flexors - Rectus Femoris - Adductor Longus

Question 32

What moment is created during initial swing about the hip?

Answer 32

Hip Extension Moment (Gravity Driven)

Question 33

What muscles are active about the hip during Initial swing?

Answer 33

Hip Extension moment driven by gravity creates... Hip Flexor Moment (Concentric) - Psoas - Illiacus

Question 34

What moment is created during mid-swing about the hip?

Answer 34

Hip Extension Moment driven by gravity

Question 35

What muscles are active during mid-swing about the hip?

Answer 35

Hip Extension moment driven by gravity leads to... Hip Flexors (concentric) - Psoas - Illiacus

Question 36

What moment is created at the hip during Terminal Swing?

Answer 36

Hip Extension moment driven by gravity

Question 37

What muscles are active during terminal swing about the hip

Answer 37

Hip extension moment driven by gravity leads to... Hip Extensors - Gluteus Maximus (Isometric) - Gluteus Magnus (Isometric) - Hamstrings (Eccentric)

Question 38

During Loading-response to Terminal stance, what moment is created about the hip in the frontal plane?

Answer 38

Hip Adduction Moment

Question 39

During Loading Response to Terminal Stance, what muscles active?

Answer 39

Hip Adduction moment leads to... ``` Hip Abductors active Resisted by -Gluteus Medius -Gluteus Maximus Upper Portion -Tensor Fascia Latae ``` (Eccentric Early Stance) (Isometric Late Stance)

Question 40

From Loading Response to terminal stance, what moment is created about the hip in the transverse plane?

Answer 40

Hip Internal rotation moment

Question 41

What muscles are active to resist the hip internal rotation moment in the transverse plane about the hip?

Answer 41

Hip Internal rotation moment is resisted by Hip External rotators - Gluteus Maximus - Piriformis - Deep Hip Rotators (Eccentric Early Stance) (Isometric/concentric Late Stance)

Question 42

What is the angle of the Hip at the end of initial contact?

Answer 42

20° of Flexion