9. Toxicology

Question 1

All species

Tests:
- OSPT
- APTT
- ACT
- platelet count

Result:
- Increased OSPT, APTT, ACT platelets normal in number

Answer 1

Dicumarol

Question 2

All species

test for organophosphate poison

Answer 2

cholinesterase

Question 3

test for OXALATE

• azotemia
• hypocalcemia (ruminant)

ALL species

Answer 3

chemistry profile

Question 4

(2) test for MERCURY

• azotemia

ALL spp

Answer 4

BUN
Creatinine

Question 5

(3) test for ETHYLENE GLYCOL

• azotemia
• oxalate crystal in urine

affects DOGS & CATS

Answer 5

1. BUN
2. Creatinine
3. Urinalysis

Question 6

(3) tests for THALLIUM

• stress leukogram
• azotemia
• glycosuria

affects DOGS & CATS

Answer 6

1. CBC
2. Chemistry profile
3. UA

Question 7

test for SODIUM FLUOROACETATE

• hyperglycemia

affects DOGS & CATS

Answer 7

chemistry profile

Question 8

test for SALT in pigs

• high sodium
  >160 mEq/1

Answer 8

serum electrolyte

Question 9

(2) test for IRON in pigs

• hyperferremia
• increase enzyme activity

Answer 9

1. Serum iron
2. Liver enzymes

Question 10

test for LEAD in dogs

• many NRBC
• basophilic stippling

Answer 10

CBC

Question 11

test for LEAD in ruminants

• basophilic stippling not constant
• differentiate from regenerative anemia

Answer 11

CBC

Question 12

(2) test for UREA in ruminants

— ph greater than 7.5
— increased blood ammonia

Answer 12

1. Rumen pH
2. Blood ammonia

Question 13

test for NITRATE in ruminants

• increased result

Answer 13

methemoglobin

Question 14

(2) tests for SELENIUM (chronic) in ruminants

• anemia
• increased enzyme activity

Answer 14

1. CBC
2. Liver enzymes

Question 15

(3) test for BRACKEN FERN in herbivores

• nonregenerative anemia
• leukopenia
• thrombocytopenia
• normal OSPT, APTT

Answer 15

1. CBC
2. OSPT
3. APTT

Question 16

test for MOLYBDENUM (Cu deficiency) in ruminants

• microcytic
• hypochromic anemia

Answer 16

CBC

Question 17

test for COPPER (acute) in ruminants

— hemolytic anemia

Answer 17

CBC

Question 18

test for POLYBROMINATED BIPHENYLS in ruminants

• increased liver enzymes
• azotemia
• hypocalcemia
• hypoalbuminemia

Answer 18

Chemistry profile

Question 19

OSPT

Answer 19

one-step prothombin time

Question 20

APTT

Answer 20

activated partial thromboplastin

Question 21

ACT

Answer 21

activated clotting time

Question 22

UA

Answer 22

urinalysis

Question 23

test for CYANIDE

Answer 23

copper-guaiac test

Question 24

test for hydrocyanic acid

Answer 24

Steyn test

Question 25

detection of heavy metals

Answer 25

Reinsch’s test

Question 26

test for Strychnine in stomach contents

Answer 26

biologic test

Question 27

diagnosis for Nitrate

Answer 27

chocolate brown blood (presence of methemoglobin)

Question 28

test for Lead

Answer 28

Grunwald test

Question 29

test for Fluorides

Answer 29

Gettler test

Question 30

positive reaction of Thallium in the benzene phase

Answer 30

purple - bluish color

Question 31

test for Phosphorus

Answer 31

Scherer test (paper turns black)

Question 32

test for Carbon Monoxide

Answer 32

pink color persists

Question 33

Phenothiazine compound

Answer 33

light pink - purple color

Question 34

Aspirin

Answer 34

presence of Salicylates 1. urine 2. CBC 3. serum

Question 35

Phenols

Answer 35

purple color urine test (Millon’s reagent) — red color

Question 36

Aflatoxins (Aspergillus flavus & Penicillum spp.)

Answer 36

identified in feeds filter paper — blue fluorescence