9 - The October Manifesto And Duma Government Flashcards
How did Russia seem economically by October 1905?
Near collapse
Where were there strikes and demonstrations? Where were peasant uprisings?
Cities
Countryside
Why did Alexander III make his decree? What 2 things did he promise?
Pressure from advisers
Civil liberties and State Duma
What are examples of civil liberties?
Free speech, press, assembly
Who was the State Duma elected by? What did the Duma pass?
Universal suffrage
Laws
Who accepted the Manifesto? Who are 3 group examples of these?
Liberals
Kadets, Progressives and Octobrists
Which 2 socialist groups rejected the Manifesto? What do they stand for?
SR/SD
Revolutionaries and Democrats
What were many workers unconvinced by in the Manifesto? Who did they continue to support?
Tsar’s promises
Socialist groups
What uprising continued? What was hoped for?
Peasant uprising
Land redistribution
Who remained loyal to the Tsar?
Army
What 2 places did the army storm in November/December 1905?
Moscow and St Petersburg HQ
What happened to Soviet leaders? What was the worst punishment?
Arrested or exiled to Siberia
Execution
Where was order restored by the army? What ended for peasants?
Countryside
Redemption payments
When were the Fundamental Laws introduced? What were they?
April 1906
A constitution
Which 2 groups refused to participate in the Fundamental Laws?
SRs and Bolsheviks
What did the Tsar exercise in the Fundamental Laws?
Supreme autocratic power
What did the Tsar initiate in the Fundamental Laws?
Legislation and approval
Who could the Tsar appoint and dismiss as part of the Fundamental Laws? What could he summon and dissolve?
Ministers
Duma
What could the Tsar do in an emergency?
Rule by decree
What did the Tsar never have any intention of becoming?
A “constitutional monarch”
When was the First Duma active? Who was it dominated by?
May-June 1906
Radicals and Kadets
What did the First Duma demand? Why did the Duma dissolve?
Radical change
Vote of no confidence
When was the Second Duma active? Who engineered elections to gain Octobrists?
February-June 1907
Peter Stolypin
Who increased the number of radical deputies due to participation?
Bolsheviks and SRs
What did the Second Duma oppose?
Most Tsarist proposals
When was the Third Duma active? What did Stolypin introduce?
November 1907-June 1912
Emergency law for representation
Who dominated the Third Duma?
Octobrists and Conservatives
When was the Fourth Duma active? Who couldn’t co-operate?
November 1912-17
Right and left deputies
What did the Fourth Duma vote for in 1914? Why was it suspended in 1915?
War credits
Demanding more power
What does Historian Orlando Figes say about Nicholas II and his autocratic values?
“Nicholas was opposed to limitation upon his autocratic prerogatives”
What does Historian Martin Sixsmith say about Nicholas II offering concessions?
“He offered concessions in the hope of defusing tension”
