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A-Level History: Tsarist And Communist Russia - 1855-1964 > 24 - Class, Women And Young People > Flashcards

24 - Class, Women And Young People Flashcards

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1
Q

What did the Soviet regime encourage to create a classless society? What would families share?

A

Communal living

Kitchens and toilets

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2
Q

What life was often subjected to public scrutiny? Whose interests were seen as superior to individuals?

A

Private life

The community

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3
Q

What is a term used by the communists to describe the “class enemy”?

A

Burzhui

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4
Q

What did people try to hide behind as private life was slowly being abolished? Why?

A

A mask of conformity

To preserve their own identity

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5
Q

Why was the Communist Party so keen to unmask potential threats?

A

To subject them to the purges

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6
Q

What did the October Revolution intend to bring to Russia? What did workers take control of as a result of the revolution?

A

Greater equality

Factories and farms

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7
Q

What harsh discipline was introduced under War Communism?

A

Harsh labour discipline

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8
Q

What 2 reasons saw working conditions deteriorate under Stalin?

A

Seven-day work week

Longer hours

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9
Q

What was introduced in the 1930s to increase one’s productivity?

A

Bonuses and payments

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10
Q

What elite did the Stakhanovite movement produce? For what 2 reasons were they better off?

A

Labour elite

Higher wages and better housing

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11
Q

What conditions deteriorated in the countryside? Why?

A

Living conditions

Collectivisation

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12
Q

What 2 elements characterised the poor standards of urban living?

A

Overcrowding

Poor sanitising

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13
Q

What Revolution produced greater opportunities for women? What 2 things could they get assistance with?

A

Communist Revolution

Jobs and childcare

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14
Q

What marital process was made easier? What medical procedure was legalised under Lenin?

A

Divorce

Abortion

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15
Q

What did women begin to do in increasing numbers? What was provided to benefit childcare?

A

Work

Nurseries

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16
Q

What did women have to carry on doing while juggling a job? Which gender initiated most divorces?

A

Housework

Men

17
Q

What did Stalin begin to extol in the early 1930s? Why?

A

Traditional family values

Falling birth rate

18
Q

What did Soviet propaganda portray Stalin as to families? How were women portrayed?

A

A “father figure”

As mothers opposed to workers

19
Q

What legal procedure was made more difficult under Stalin? What was offered to large families facing a divorce?

A

Divorce

Financial incentives

20
Q

How much of the industrial workforce were women by 1940?

A

43%

21
Q

What key element was seen as crucial to building a new socialist society? Who provided free schooling for all?

A

Education

Lenin

22
Q

What training was provided from Lenin’s educational curriculum? How was this workforce described?

A

Vocational training

“Socially useful labour”

23
Q

What key institutions played a role in indoctrinating socialism? Who were students told to inform the authorities on?

A

Universities and schools

Teachers/parents holding “anti-Soviet” views

24
Q

Where in society were improvements made? How many people under the age of 50 were literate?

A

Education

90%

25
Q

What was the name of the youth-wing to the Communist Party? When was it formed?

A

Komosomol

1918

26
Q

What was the name of the junior-wing of the Communist Party? When was it established?

A

Pioneers

1922

27
Q

What did the Pioneers take an oath to? What did they wear?

A

The Communist Party

A special uniform

28
Q

Who did Komsomol encourage its young members to assist? What clubs did they set up? What work were they encouraged to participate in?

A

Police
Political clubs
Voluntary social work

29
Q

What did Komsomol membership ease? What did it enhance?

A

Educational advancement

Job prospects

30
Q

How many members did Komosomol have by 1940? What did some of its members controversially prefer?

A

10 million

Western culture

31
Q

What does Historian Orlando Figes state about family decrees from the mid-1930s?

A

“They aimed to strengthen the Soviet family”

32
Q

What does Historian Sheila Fitzpatrick mention about the purges of “class enemies”?

A

“Party officials replaced class enemies purged from central government”

A-Level History: Tsarist And Communist Russia - 1855-1964 (39 decks)

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