13 - The Growth Of Liberal Opposition Flashcards
What did industrial and educational expansion produce? What did they seek?
Middle class Liberal change
Where did support for the middle class come from? Who were they joined by?
Professional groups
Liberal Nobility
What were 2 Liberal priorities?
Civil rights and a State Duma
Who was strongly represented in the Zemstva? What were they highly critical of?
Liberals/Professionals
Autocracy
What was introduced in 1889 that caused further opposition? How was it fuelled?
Land Captains
Overruling Zemstva decisions
What event exemplified Tsarist incompetence?
Great Famine
What was dismissed as a “senseless dream” in 1895? Whose idea was this?
National Duma
Zemstvo of Tver
What organisation was banned in 1896?
“All-Zemstva Organisation”
Who helped popularise political changes? Who is an example of this?
Liberal intellectuals
Tolstoy
What was legalised in 1900? Who was given permission to legalise this?
Trade unions
S.V. Zubatov - Head of Moscow Ohkrana
When was Zubatov’s permission revoked? Why?
1903
Trade unions attempted a general strike
When was the first liberal opposition group formed? What was it called?
1899
Beseda
What did Beseda merge with in 1903? Who led them?
Union of Liberation
Peter Struve
What was Struve formerly? What did he oppose?
Marxist
Violent revolution
What did Struve want Tsarism to become?
A constitutional monarchy
How many banquets were held over winter 1904? Why?
50
To spread the union’s message
What did liberal opposition have before 1905? What 2 things were they won over by?
Limited political influence
October Manifesto and Duma
Who was the liberal opposition largely represented by? What did they believe in?
Kadets
Constitutional Democracy
Who did liberals try to co-operate with? What were they increasingly frustrated by?
Tsarist government
Intransigence of the Tsarist regime
Who was arrested after the first Duma dissolved in 1906? What was reduced in size after the second Duma dissolved in 1907?
Kadet leaders
Electorate
What did the Tsar increasingly ignore to pass laws? What was there little semblance to by 1914?
Dumas
Constitutional Monarchy
